A Comparative Study of Manakins at Leks: Consequences for Variance in Mating Success and Population Genetics

莱克斯侏儒鸟的比较研究：交配成功率和群体遗传学差异的后果

• 批准号: 0235141
• 负责人: Patricia Parker
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Saint Louis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235141&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Study; Manakins; Leks; Consequences

A Comparative Study of Manakins at Leks: Consequences for Variance in Mating Success and Population GeneticsBette A. Loiselle, John G. Blake, and Patricia G. ParkerAbstract This project investigates the relationship between spatial structure, genetic relatedness and reproductive skew in a set of closely related species of manakins (Aves: Pipridae) that exhibit lekking behavior in Neotropical wet forests. Lekking behavior, which occurs in many animal taxa, is characterized by a aggregation of males displaying for females in traditional locations and a lack of association between males and females after copulation. Females visit leks only to breed and rear their young elsewhere without assistance from the male. Lekking behavior often results in large reproductive variance (skew) among males because usually only one or a few males at the lek sites successfully copulate with females. Manakins represent a model system to investigate reproductive skew because (1) birds are common inhabitants of understory of tropical wet forests, (2) six closely related species occur in the same geographic location and thus experience similar environments, and (3) species differ in lek organization (e.g., number of males and distance among males at leks) and lekking behavior, characters key for predicting reproductive skew and analyzing population genetic consequences of lek mating systems. Considerable theory regarding reproductive skew has emerged, but there yet exist few empirical tests. Understanding the factors that influence reproductive skew is essential to understand the evolution of lekking behavior, a mating system that has evolved in a number of taxa and that has received a great deal of attention in theoretical and empirical literature. Measures of reproductive skew in lekking species are often based on observations of copulations at the lek. Yet, paternity analyses using molecular genetic data have revealed that for a number of bird species observations may provide misleading results about paternity. In the proposed study, observational data at leks are combined with direct measures of individual male success and reproductive skew through paternity analyses of offspring found at nests. This research will be the first to compare lekking behavior and its genetic consequences among a set of closely related species that occur in the same forest but that vary in lek organization and spatial structure. Such an approach should contribute substantially to our understanding of the evolution of lek mating system. The proposed research also effectively combines the ecological, behavioral, and molecular genetic expertise of the principal investigators and provides an avenue for new collaborative research that will enhance research programs of each senior investigator. Field and laboratory components of the research program will provide key opportunities for students from both the home institution and from Ecuadorean universities to gain research experience. Several Ecuadorean and UM-St. Louis students are expected to expand on aspects of the proposed project as part of their thesis or dissertation research. Travel expenses in Ecuador incurred by UM-St. Louis students and faculty will be supported by the NSF OFfice of International Science and Engineering.

在Leks的Manakins的比较研究：在交配成功和群体遗传学的方差的后果。Loiselle，John G. Blake，and Patricia G.帕克摘要本项目研究了在新热带潮湿森林中表现出lekking行为的一组密切相关的侏儒鸟（鸟类：Pipridae）物种的空间结构，遗传相关性和生殖偏斜之间的关系。 Lekking行为发生在许多动物类群中，其特征是雄性聚集在传统的位置为雌性展示，交配后雄性和雌性之间缺乏联系。 雌性拜访列克只是为了在没有雄性帮助的情况下在其他地方繁殖和抚养后代。 求偶行为通常会导致雄性之间的生殖差异（偏斜），因为通常只有一个或几个雄性在求偶点成功地与雌性交配。 Manakins代表了研究生殖偏斜的模型系统，因为（1）鸟类是热带潮湿森林林下的常见居民，（2）六个密切相关的物种出现在同一地理位置，因此经历了相似的环境，（3）物种在lek组织中不同（例如，leks的雄性数量和雄性之间的距离）和lekking行为，是预测生殖偏斜和分析lek交配系统的群体遗传后果的关键。 关于生育倾斜的理论已经出现，但还存在一些实证检验。 了解影响生殖偏斜的因素对于了解lekking行为的进化至关重要，lekking行为是一种在许多分类群中进化的交配系统，在理论和实证文献中受到了大量关注。 在lekking物种生殖偏斜的措施往往是基于在lek交配的观察。 然而，使用分子遗传数据进行的亲子鉴定分析表明，对一些鸟类物种的观察可能会提供关于亲子鉴定的误导性结果。 在这项拟议中的研究中，在leks的观察数据与通过对在巢穴中发现的后代进行亲子关系分析来直接测量个体雄性成功和生殖偏斜相结合。 这项研究将是第一个比较lekking行为及其遗传后果之间的一组密切相关的物种，发生在同一个森林，但不同的lek组织和空间结构。 这种方法将有助于我们理解lek交配系统的进化。 拟议的研究还有效地结合了主要研究人员的生态学，行为学和分子遗传学专业知识，并为新的合作研究提供了一条途径，这将增强每位高级研究人员的研究计划。 研究计划的实地和实验室部分将为来自家庭机构和厄瓜多尔大学的学生提供获得研究经验的关键机会。 几个厄瓜多尔和UM-St. Louis学生预计将扩大拟议项目的各个方面，作为他们论文或论文研究的一部分。 圣路易斯大学的学生和教师在厄瓜多尔的旅行费用将由NSF国际科学与工程办公室提供支持。