Collaborative Research: Photochemical and Optical Properties of Antarctic Waters in Response to Changing UV-B Fluxes

合作研究：南极水域的光化学和光学特性对 UV-B 通量变化的响应

• 批准号: 9527255
• 负责人: Kenneth Mopper
• 金额: $ 38.62万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-15 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9527255&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Photochemical; Optical; Properties

ABSTRACT K. Mopper & D. Kieber OPP 9527255 & OPP 9527314 PHOTOCHEMICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTARCTIC WATERS IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING UV-B FLUXES The decrease in stratospheric ozone over the Antarctic results in an increase in the UV-B flux in the euphotic zone. The increase leads to cellular damage to aquatic organisms, as documented by photo-inhibition and decreased productivity. Cellular damage can occur either intracellularly, or externally at the cell surface from biomolecular reactions with externally-generated reactive transients. The extent of this extracellular damage will depend on the photochemistry of the seawater surrounding the cell. Until recently, nothing was known about the type of photochemical processes, rates, and steady state concentrations of transients in Antarctic waters. It is proposed that field experiments be performed which will allow the construction of predictive models of photochemical production rates in surface waters and with depth. These studies will involve further quantum yield measurementts, development of a sensitive underwater actinometer system, and use of a new underwater multichannel photometer. The model will allow the prediction of the impact of varying levels of UV-B on the photoproduction and steady state concentration of several key reactive transient species in the upper water column. In addition to this effort, experiments will also be performed to study the photodegradation of dissolved organic matter and to determine whether biologically utilizable substrates that are formed photochemically can enhance secondary productivity in Antarctic waters.

摘要 K.莫珀湾Kieber 9527255 南极沃茨的光化学和光学特性对变化的UV-B通量的响应 南极平流层臭氧的减少导致真光层UV-B通量的增加。这种增加导致水生生物的细胞损害，如光抑制和生产力下降所证明的。细胞损伤可以发生在细胞内，也可以发生在细胞表面，由生物分子与外部产生的反应性瞬变反应引起。这种细胞外损伤的程度将取决于细胞周围海水的光化学。直到最近，对南极沃茨中瞬变的光化学过程、速率和稳态浓度的类型还一无所知。建议进行实地实验，这将允许建设预测模型的光化学生产率在表面沃茨和深度。这些研究将涉及进一步的量子产额测量、开发一种灵敏的水下日射计系统和使用一种新的水下多通道光度计。该模型将允许预测不同水平的UV-B对上层水柱中几个关键活性瞬态物种的光生和稳态浓度的影响。除了这项工作外，还将进行实验，研究溶解有机物的光降解，并确定光化学形成的生物可利用基质是否能提高南极沃茨的次级生产力。