RUI: Quantitative Trait Loci in Drosophila

RUI：果蝇的数量性状位点

• 批准号: 9527994
• 负责人: Donald Price
• 金额: $ 13万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University-Commerce
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-15 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9527994&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Quantitative; Trait; Loci; Drosophila

9527994 PRICE A long-standing controversy in biology concerns multiple life-history traits that promote survival and reproduction. Examples of such traits include disease resistance and efficient metabolism of nutrients. All organisms, including humans, face pressures to do as well as possible. The question is how such a trait affects other traits. One theory posits tradeoffs; a life-history trait that increases the fitness of individuals will result in other life-history traits that decrease fitness. A contrasting theory posits that a life-history trait can augment other life-history traits. This general question ties together the genetic basis for the physiology of organisms with the consequences of how those organisms function. It relates early growth and reproduction to later survival and aging. To understand these traits more detailed knowledge of their genetic basis is required. This project uses a new technique called Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping to identify genes for life-history traits and longevity in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster. Its ease of study allows detailed examination of general questions such as this one, that would be much harder to study in larger organisms. We will find out whether these genes affect single or multiple life-history traits, and whether genes affecting different life-history traits are close together on the same chromosome. The results will show whether life-history traits augment or constrain each other, and will lead to an understanding of the physiological and biochemical nature of genetic correlations.

9527994价格生物学上长期存在的争议涉及促进生存和繁殖的多种生活史特征。这些特征的例子包括抗病和营养物质的高效新陈代谢。包括人类在内的所有有机体都面临着尽可能做好的压力。问题是这样的特质会对其他特质产生怎样的影响。一种理论认为需要权衡取舍；提高个体适合度的生活史特征也会导致其他降低适合度的生活史特征。一种截然不同的理论认为，一种生活史特征可以增强其他生活史特征。这个一般性的问题将生物体生理学的遗传基础与这些生物体如何发挥作用的后果联系在一起。它将早期生长和繁殖与后来的生存和衰老联系在一起。为了了解这些特征，需要更详细地了解它们的遗传基础。该项目使用一种名为数量性状基因座(QTL)的新技术来识别果蝇的生活史特征和寿命基因。它的易学性允许对一般问题进行详细的检查，比如这个问题，而在更大的生物体中研究这些问题要困难得多。我们将找出这些基因是影响单个还是多个生活史特征，以及影响不同生活史特征的基因是否在同一条染色体上紧密相连。这些结果将显示生活史特征是相互增强还是相互制约，并将导致对遗传相关性的生理和生化性质的理解。