UV Photobiology of Planktonic Development Stages of Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates

南极底栖无脊椎动物浮游发育阶段的紫外光生物学

• 批准号: 9528241
• 负责人: Deneb Karentz
• 金额: $ 22.03万
• 依托单位: University of San Francisco
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-15 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9528241&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: UV; Photobiology; Planktonic; Development; Stages

9528241 Karentz Recently documented global decreases in stratospheric ozone have brought attention to the potential ecological consequences of increased ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation in marine communities. Even without ozone depletion, UVB radiation penetrating into surface waters of the ocean represents a biological hazard to many marine organisms. The most extensive destruction of ozone has been occurring over the Antarctic continent and Southern Ocean, where over 50% depletion is recorded each spring. A major obstacle in assessing UV effects is that very little is known about the UV photobiology of individual species. In the Antarctic, some of the more ecologically dominant benthic invertebrate species occupy intertidal and shallow subtidal depths where biological effects of UVB have already been documented. Many of these species have planktonic development and their spawning season coincides with the period when ozone depletion is occurring; thus their microscopic embryos and larvae are exposed to increasingly higher levels of UVB. At present there is no information on the potential short- or long-term effects of increased UVB levels on populations of Antarctic benthic invertebrates. The research proposed here will focus on the UV photobiology of three important Antarctic invertebrate species that inhabit intertidal and subtidal areas in the region of Palmer Station, Anvers Island, Antarctic Peninsula. These species are the limpet Nacella concinna, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri and the sea star Odontaster validus. The adults of these species are dominant members of Antarctic intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic communities, and their embryos and larvae develop for months in surface waters from late austral winter through summer. This study will evaluate the impact of ambient UVB on early stages (gametes, embryos and larvae) of the life histories of these species by 1) examining potential UV exposure levels, 2) assessing differential sensiti vities, 3) identifying molecular, chromosomal and morphological UVB induced damage, and 4) evaluating potential protection and recovery from UVB exposure. Since these species have taxonomic equivalents at both temperate and tropical latitudes, this work will provide important biological parameters for increasing our knowledge about UV effects on both local and global scales.

9528241 Karentz最近记录的全球平流层臭氧减少引起了人们对海洋社区紫外线B（UVB）辐射增加的潜在生态后果的关注。即使没有臭氧消耗，紫外线B辐射渗透到海洋表面沃茨对许多海洋生物构成生物危害。南极大陆和南大洋的臭氧破坏最为严重，每年春天都有超过50%的臭氧消耗记录。 评估紫外线影响的一个主要障碍是，人们对个别物种的紫外线光生物学知之甚少。 在南极洲，一些在生态上占优势的底栖无脊椎动物物种生活在潮间和潮下带较浅的深度，在这些深度，紫外线B的生物影响已有记录。其中许多物种都是以水生方式发育，它们的产卵季节正好与臭氧消耗发生的时期相吻合;因此，它们的显微胚胎和幼虫暴露在越来越高的UVB水平下。 目前还没有关于UVB水平增加对南极海底无脊椎动物种群潜在短期或长期影响的信息。 本文拟对栖息在南极半岛安弗斯岛帕尔默站潮间带和潮下带的三种重要南极无脊椎动物进行紫外光生物学研究。 这些物种是帽贝Nacella concinna，海胆Sterechinus neumayeri和海星星Odontaster validus。 这些鱼种的成虫是南极潮间带和潮下浅海底栖生物群落的主要成员，它们的胚胎和幼虫从南半球冬末到夏季在表层沃茨发育数月。 本研究将通过以下方式评价环境UVB对这些物种生命史早期阶段（配子、胚胎和幼虫）的影响：1）检查潜在的UV暴露水平; 2）评估差异敏感性; 3）鉴定UVB诱导的分子、染色体和形态学损伤; 4）评价UVB暴露的潜在保护和恢复。由于这些物种在温带和热带纬度都有分类学上的等同物，这项工作将提供重要的生物参数，以增加我们对紫外线在当地和全球范围内的影响的了解。