Instrumentation and Measurement Methodologies in Atmospheric Chemistry Research Workshop, Buenos Aires, Argentina

世界气象组织（WMO）的国际全球大气化学（IGAC）计划和全球大气监测（GAW）计划已将监测活动纳入其计划，将为大气化学研究和评估建立基线。基线将通过在全球各地偏远的非工业化地区操作一系列六个监测站来确定。目前在青藏高原上正在运行一个GAW基线站，不久将在乌斯怀亚、苏门答腊岛、肯尼亚山、阿尔及利亚东南部建立基线站，并在巴西Bel=E9m以北建立最后一个拟议的基线站。这些观测站将在五个基本领域建立基线：a)雨雪的化学成分；b)大气气体，包括温室气体、臭氧和SO2和NOx等活性气体；c)气溶胶的化学和物理特性，包括总浓度和垂直剖面；d)太阳辐射，包括UV-B； e)放射性核素。在全球工业化程度较高的地区也有一系列的全球微波区域监测站。这些区域台站的数据将与基线台站结合使用，以评估人为影响。建立全球大气化学数据集收集站的一个有效手段是建立当地的大气化学能力，由该领域的主要科学家在全球不同地区提供一系列标准课程。这些数据集收集不仅使用类似的设备，而且使用类似的测量方法。在国际地圈-生物圈方案（IGBP）和全球变化分析、研究和培训系统（START）的合作下，IGAC和GAW以前的一项努力已经招募了一批国际志愿讲师。美国国家科学基金会以美洲全球变化研究所（IAI）的名义提供的这笔赠款，将支付来自已经或即将拥有GAW区域站的国家的拉丁美洲科学家的旅费和日常费用，以及负责运营、维护和管理位于乌斯怀亚的GAW基线站的科学家的费用。第一个为期两周的课程将在布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的Qu=EDmica F=EDsica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y energy =EDa （INQUIMAE）研究所举行，将涵盖发射、红外、紫外/可见光和翻滚二极管激光光谱、气相色谱、电导法、比色法、库伦法、酶技术、质量保证和控制技术，以及数据评估和管理方法。该项目将培训当地专家操作全球大气化学监测站。这些“基线”监测站将从相对无污染的地区收集数据，并与工业区的类似数据进行比较，以评估大气污染与人类活动有关的程度。该培训项目是美国对美洲全球变化研究所（IAI）的一项贡献，该研究所致力于培训美洲的科学家。美洲16个国家是IAI的成员国。IAI是美国的一项倡议，旨在促进美洲科学机构在全球变化问题上的合作研究。美国国家科学基金会是白宫指定的美国政府机构，负责履行美国在IAI中的职责。＊＊＊

9528908 Bierly The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) program and the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) have included monitoring activities in their plans that will establish baselines for atmospheric chemistry research and assessment. The baselines are to be established by operating a series of six monitoring stations in remote, un-industrialized areas throughout the globe. A GAW baseline station is currently operating on the Tibetan plateau, and will soon be followed by baseline stations in Ushuaia, Sumatra, Mt. Kenya, South-east Algeria, and a final proposed station North of Bel=E9m, in Brazil. Baselines are to be established at each of these stations in five basic areas: a) the chemical composition of rain and snow, b) atmospheric gases, including greenhouse gases, ozone, and reactive gases like SO2 and NOx, c) aerosol chemical and physical characteristics, including total concentration and vertical profiles, d) solar radiation, including UV-B, and e) radio-nuclides. A series of GAW regional monitoring stations also exists in more industrialized areas around the globe. The data from these regional stations will be used in combination with the baseline stations to assess anthropogenic impacts. An effective means of establishing a stations for global atmospheric chemistry data set collection, gathered using not only similar equipment, but similar measurement methodologies, is to build a local capacity in atmospheric chemistry with a series of standard courses offered in different areas of the globe by leading scientists in the field. A pool of international volunteer lecturers has been recruited by a previous effort of the IGAC and GAW, in collaboration with the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the Global Change System for Analysis, Research, and Training (START). This NSF grant, on behalf of the Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), will cover tra vel and per diem costs of Latin American scientists from countries that have or will have GAW regional stations, as well as those scientists responsible for operating, maintaining, and managing the GAW baseline station at Ushuaia. The first two-week course will be held at the Instituto de Qu=EDmica F=EDsica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energ=EDa (INQUIMAE) of the University of Buenos Aires, and will cover emission, infra-red, UV/visible, and tumble diode laser spectroscopy, gas chromatography, conductometry, colorimetry, coulometry, enzymatic techniques, and quality assurance and control techniques, as well as data assessment and management methods.%%% This program will train local experts to operate global atmospheric chemistry monitoring stations. These 'baseline' monitoring stations will collect data from areas relatively free of pollution, and allow comparison with similar data from industrial areas in order to assess how much atmospheric pollution is related to human activity. The training program is being carried out as a U.S. contribution to the Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), which has a strong commitment to training scientists in the Americas. Sixteen nations of the Americas are Member States of the IAI, a U.S. initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the U.S. Government agency designated by the White House to carry out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI. ***