Instrumentation and Measurement Methodologies in Atmospheric Chemistry Research Workshop, Buenos Aires, Argentina

小行星9528908 世界气象组织（气象组织）的国际全球大气化学方案和全球大气观测方案已将监测活动纳入其计划，为大气化学研究和评估确定基线。这些基线将通过在地球仪各地的偏远、非工业化地区建立一系列的六个监测站来确定。 全球大气观察基线站目前正在青藏高原运行，不久将在苏门答腊的乌斯怀亚、喜马拉雅山和喜马拉雅山建立基线站。肯尼亚、阿尔及利亚东南部，以及巴西Bel= E9 m以北的最终拟定站点。 将在五个基本领域为每一个观测站确定基准：a）雨雪的化学成分; b）大气气体，包括温室气体、臭氧和二氧化硫和氮氧化物等活性气体; c）气溶胶的化学和物理特性，包括总浓度和垂直分布; d）太阳辐射，包括紫外线-B; e）放射性核素。 在地球仪较工业化的地区也有一系列全球大气观察区域监测站。 这些区域台站的数据将与基线台站一起用于评估人为影响。 建立全球大气化学数据集收集站的一个有效手段是，不仅使用类似的设备，而且使用类似的测量方法收集数据，建立当地的大气化学能力，由该领域的顶尖科学家在地球仪的不同地区提供一系列标准课程。 IGAC和全球大气观察与国际地圈生物圈方案（IGBP）和全球变化分析、研究和培训系统（START）合作，在以前的一项努力中招募了一批国际志愿讲师。 美国国家科学基金会代表美洲全球变化研究所提供的这笔赠款将用于支付拉丁美洲科学家的旅费和每日津贴，这些科学家来自已经或将要建立全球大气观察区域台站的国家，以及负责操作、维护和管理乌斯怀亚全球大气观察基线台站的科学家。 第一个为期两周的课程将在材料、环境和能源研究所举办（INQUIMAE），将涵盖发射、红外、紫外/可见光和翻滚二极管激光光谱学、气相色谱法、电导法、比色法、库仑法、酶技术以及质量保证和控制技术，以及数据评估和管理方法。% 该方案将培训当地专家操作全球大气化学监测站。 这些“基线”监测站将从相对没有污染的地区收集数据，并与工业区的类似数据进行比较，以评估大气污染与人类活动的关系。 该培训计划是美国对美洲全球变化研究所（IAI）的贡献，该研究所致力于培训美洲的科学家。 美洲的16个国家是国际气候变化研究所的成员国，该研究所是美国的一项倡议，旨在促进美洲科学机构之间就全球变化问题进行合作研究。国家科学基金会是美国政府机构，由白宫指定，在IAI内履行美国的职责。 ***

9528908 Bierly The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) program and the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) have included monitoring activities in their plans that will establish baselines for atmospheric chemistry research and assessment. The baselines are to be established by operating a series of six monitoring stations in remote, un-industrialized areas throughout the globe. A GAW baseline station is currently operating on the Tibetan plateau, and will soon be followed by baseline stations in Ushuaia, Sumatra, Mt. Kenya, South-east Algeria, and a final proposed station North of Bel=E9m, in Brazil. Baselines are to be established at each of these stations in five basic areas: a) the chemical composition of rain and snow, b) atmospheric gases, including greenhouse gases, ozone, and reactive gases like SO2 and NOx, c) aerosol chemical and physical characteristics, including total concentration and vertical profiles, d) solar radiation, including UV-B, and e) radio-nuclides. A series of GAW regional monitoring stations also exists in more industrialized areas around the globe. The data from these regional stations will be used in combination with the baseline stations to assess anthropogenic impacts. An effective means of establishing a stations for global atmospheric chemistry data set collection, gathered using not only similar equipment, but similar measurement methodologies, is to build a local capacity in atmospheric chemistry with a series of standard courses offered in different areas of the globe by leading scientists in the field. A pool of international volunteer lecturers has been recruited by a previous effort of the IGAC and GAW, in collaboration with the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the Global Change System for Analysis, Research, and Training (START). This NSF grant, on behalf of the Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), will cover tra vel and per diem costs of Latin American scientists from countries that have or will have GAW regional stations, as well as those scientists responsible for operating, maintaining, and managing the GAW baseline station at Ushuaia. The first two-week course will be held at the Instituto de Qu=EDmica F=EDsica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energ=EDa (INQUIMAE) of the University of Buenos Aires, and will cover emission, infra-red, UV/visible, and tumble diode laser spectroscopy, gas chromatography, conductometry, colorimetry, coulometry, enzymatic techniques, and quality assurance and control techniques, as well as data assessment and management methods.%%% This program will train local experts to operate global atmospheric chemistry monitoring stations. These 'baseline' monitoring stations will collect data from areas relatively free of pollution, and allow comparison with similar data from industrial areas in order to assess how much atmospheric pollution is related to human activity. The training program is being carried out as a U.S. contribution to the Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), which has a strong commitment to training scientists in the Americas. Sixteen nations of the Americas are Member States of the IAI, a U.S. initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the U.S. Government agency designated by the White House to carry out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI. ***