IAI Workshop: Comparative Studies of Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) in the Americas

IAI 研讨会：美洲小型中上层鱼类与气候变化的比较研究 (SPACC)

• 批准号: 9530213
• 负责人: Brian Rothschild
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-07-01 至 1997-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9530213&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IAI; Workshop; Comparative; Studies; Small

9530213 Rothschild This is a proposal to hold a workshop to develop a consortium for implementing the Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) scientific activities. The workshop will identify the functions of the consortium by: developing a consensus on the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) SPACC core program, by preparing a strategic plan for GLOBEC/ SPACC and identifying specific action items that are required to achieve the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) mission relevant to GLOBEC/SPACC, by developing a strategy for achieving new levels of support for GLOBEC/SPACC research, and by determining how the proposed consortium would contribute to these goals. The objective of the Inter-American SPACC is to identify linkages between the physical forces that control population growth of small pelagic fish populations and to achieve this through comparative studies. The long range goal is to forecast how changes in pattern and intensity of these forces, related to elevated greenhouse gases and changes in the air-sea engine, alter the productivity of small pelagic fish populations. Major changes in small pelagic fish abundance may be accompanied by marked changes in ecosystems structure. Examination of zooplankton data indicate that the great collapse of the Peruvian anchovy in 1972 may have been more strongly related to a long term decline in zooplankton stocks than to El Ni o and fishing. Similarly, the decline in North Sea herring stock appear to be linked with declines of two standard deviations in phytoplankton and zooplankton. In sum, present evidence indicated that long term trends in productivity of small pelagic fish are climate driven and may be mediated through zooplankton. What is not known is how these processes are linked nor how to predict the effect of long term changes in ocean climate. An IAI SPACC could do much to coordinate the often separated research on these topics in the Americas through a Phase II proposal which will address mech anisms responsible for large-scale fluctuations in small pelagic fish over time scales of 10-100 years. Although focused on the fish (sardines, anchovies) over fairly long time scales, the mechanisms responsible for these fluctuations act throughout the ecosystems within which the fish live and are thought to act fairly rapidly. %%% This is a proposal to hold a workshop to develop a consortium for implementing the Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) scientific activities. The workshop will identify the functions of the consortium by: developing a consensus on the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) SPACC core program, by preparing a strategic plan for GLOBEC/ SPACC, by identifying specific action items that are required to achieve the IAI mission relevant to GLOBEC/SPACC, by developing a strategy for achieving new levels of support for GLOBEC/SPACC research, and by determining how the proposed consortium would contribute to these goals. The objective of the Inter-American SPACC is to identify linkages between the physical forces that control population growth of small pelagic fish populations and to achieve this through comparative studies. The long range goal is to forecast how changes in pattern and intensity of these forces, related to elevated greenhouse gases and changes in the air-sea engine, alter the productivity of small pelagic fish populations. GLOBEC/SPACC has an Afro-European component that focuses on small pelagic populations of Europe and Africa and this proposed Inter-American component. An implementation planning meeting for Euro-African SPACC was held in late 1995. This workshop is for a similar meeting for the Inter-American SPACC. Inter-American and Afro-European SPACC, as members of international GLOBEC, share common themes: identifying linkages between physical forces and biological processes; an emphasis on modeling to interpret multi-disciplinary observations; and a focus on zooplankton as a key link between physics and fish productivity. The fo rmation of an Inter-American GLOBEC/SPACC consortium would be a significant contribution in coordinating activities in the Americas. The goal of the workshop in Phase I is to finish the design of the measurement and modeling systems which were begun during two previous SPACC meetings and coordinate the activities of SPACC researchers in the Americas. The approach is to develop a hierarchy of measurement strategies and models that could be implemented by all countries. The unique contribution of Inter-American and Afro-European SPACC is that they will use comparisons of ecosystems dominated by small pelagic fish to infer cause and effect linkages between fish, zooplankton and ocean physics, and thus addresses the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Science Agenda theme of "Comparative Studies of Oceanic, Coastal and Estuarine Processes." The following countries are participating in this proposal: Argentina; Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. These countries are Members States of the IAI, a U.S. initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The U.S. National Science Foundation is the U.S. Government agency designated to carry out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI. ***

这是一项建议，旨在举办一个讲习班，以建立一个联盟，以实施小型远洋鱼类与气候变化（SPACC）的科学活动。讲习班将通过以下方式确定该联盟的职能：就全球海洋生态系统动力学（GLOBEC） SPACC核心项目达成共识，为此制定GLOBEC/SPACC战略计划，确定实现与GLOBEC/SPACC相关的美洲全球变化研究所（IAI）任务所需的具体行动项目，制定实现对GLOBEC/SPACC研究支持新水平的战略，并确定拟议的联盟将如何为实现这些目标作出贡献。美洲空间协调委员会的目标是查明控制小型远洋鱼类种群增长的自然力量之间的联系，并通过比较研究来实现这一目标。长期目标是预测这些力量的模式和强度的变化，与温室气体的增加和海气发动机的变化有关，如何改变小型远洋鱼类种群的生产力。小型远洋鱼类丰度的重大变化可能伴随着生态系统结构的显著变化。对浮游动物数据的研究表明，1972年秘鲁凤尾鱼的大崩溃可能与浮游动物种群的长期下降有更大的关系，而不是与厄尔尼诺现象和捕鱼有关。同样，北海鲱鱼数量的下降似乎与浮游植物和浮游动物的两个标准差的下降有关。总之，目前的证据表明，小型远洋鱼类生产力的长期趋势是气候驱动的，并可能通过浮游动物介导。我们不知道的是这些过程是如何联系在一起的，也不知道如何预测海洋气候长期变化的影响。IAI空间委员会可以通过一项第二阶段提案，在美洲对这些主题进行往往是分开进行的研究方面发挥很大的协调作用，第二阶段提案将处理导致小型远洋鱼类在10-100年时间尺度上大规模波动的机制。尽管在相当长的时间尺度上关注的是鱼类（沙丁鱼、凤尾鱼），但导致这些波动的机制在鱼类生活的整个生态系统中都起作用，而且被认为是相当迅速的。%%%这是一项建议，旨在举办一次讲习班，以建立一个执行小型远洋鱼类与气候变化（SPACC）科学活动的联盟。研讨会将通过以下方式确定联盟的职能：就全球海洋生态系统动力学（GLOBEC） SPACC核心项目达成共识，为GLOBEC/SPACC制定战略计划，确定实现与GLOBEC/SPACC相关的IAI任务所需的具体行动项目，制定战略以实现对GLOBEC/SPACC研究的新水平支持，并确定拟议的联盟将如何为这些目标做出贡献。美洲空间协调委员会的目标是查明控制小型远洋鱼类种群增长的自然力量之间的联系，并通过比较研究来实现这一目标。长期目标是预测这些力量的模式和强度的变化，与温室气体的增加和海气发动机的变化有关，如何改变小型远洋鱼类种群的生产力。GLOBEC/SPACC有一个以欧洲和非洲小型远洋人口为重点的非洲-欧洲组成部分和这个拟议的美洲组成部分。1995年底举行了欧洲-非洲空间协调委员会执行规划会议。这次讲习班是为美洲空间委员会举行的类似会议准备的。美洲和非洲-欧洲空间委员会作为国际GLOBEC的成员，分享共同的主题：确定物理力量与生物过程之间的联系；强调建模来解释多学科观察；关注浮游动物是物理和鱼类生产力之间的关键联系。建立一个美洲间全球贸易/空间合作联盟将对协调美洲的活动作出重大贡献。第一阶段讲习班的目标是完成在前两次SPACC会议期间开始的测量和建模系统的设计，并协调SPACC在美洲的研究人员的活动。方法是制定可由所有国家实施的衡量战略和模型的层次结构。美洲和非洲-欧洲空间研究中心的独特贡献在于，它们将利用以小型远洋鱼类为主的生态系统的比较来推断鱼类、浮游动物和海洋物理之间的因果关系，从而解决美洲全球变化研究所（IAI）科学议程主题“海洋、沿海和河口过程的比较研究”。下列国家参加了这项建议：阿根廷；巴西，智利，墨西哥，秘鲁和美国。这些国家是IAI的成员国。IAI是美国的一项倡议，旨在促进美洲科学机构在全球变化问题上的合作研究。美国国家科学基金会是美国政府指定在IAI中履行美国职责的机构。* * *