Collaborative Research: An Experimental Study of the 18 Degree Water of the Western North Atlantic

合作研究：北大西洋西部 18 度水温的实验研究

• 批准号: 9531871
• 负责人: Stephen Riser
• 金额: $ 140.5万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-07-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9531871&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Experimental; Study; 18

9531871 Riser In conjunction with companion projects by Drs. K. Leaman of the University of Miami and R. Schmitt of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Instititution, approximately 145 profiling P-ALACE (Profiling Autonomous Lagrangian And Circulation Explorer) floats (at least half of them with salinity) will be used to study specific water-mass transformation processes in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic as part of the Atlantic Circulation and Climate Experiment (ACCE). The basin-wide grid will be used to provide relatively uniform sampling to track upper layer salinity and heat content changes throughout the basin. Higher resolution arrays will be deployed in important local regions where water masses such as the high-salinity Subtropical Underwater (Leaman), relatively uniform 18-degree water (Riser) are formed or transformed, or where important air-sea exchanges are highly variable such as under the ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) (R. Schmitt). The higher- resolution will allow tracking of seasonal and interannual changes in the volume and structure of the upper ocean features, and relate these to modeled/observed estimates of surface heat and fresh water fluxes. Analysis of these data will provide time series of three-dimensional maps of the velocity, temperature, and salinity fields within the upper 1500 m of the tropical and subtropical gyres over the duration of the ACCE field experiment. Additionally, statistical analyses will provide spatial distributions of mean circulation and quantities like eddy kinetic and potential energies, and eddy mixing, in addition to the flux estimates. These gyre-wide estimates will provide strong constraints for the future climate models that must be developed to adequately include the physics of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, particularly the fresh water budget. 9531869 Schmitt In conjunction with companion projects by Drs. S. Riser of the University of Washington and K. Leaman of the University of Miami, approximately 145 profiling P-ALACE (Profiling Autonomous Lagrangian And Circulation Explorer) floats (at least half of them with salinity) will be used to study specific water-mass transformation processes in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic as part of the Atlantic Circulation and Climate Experiment (ACCE). The basin- wide grid will be used to provide relatively uniform sampling to track upper layer salinity and heat content changes throughout the basin. Higher resolution arrays will be deployed in important local regions where water masses such as the high-salinity Subtropical Underwater (Leaman), relatively uniform 18-degree water (Riser) are formed or transformed, or where important air-sea exchanges are highly variable such as under the ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) (R. Schmitt). The higher-resolution will allow tracking of seasonal and interannual changes in the volume and structure of the upper ocean features, and relate these to modeled/observed estimates of surface heat and fresh water fluxes. Analysis of these data will provide time series of three-dimensional maps of the velocity, temperature, and salinity fields within the upper 1500 m of the tropical and subtropical gyres over the duration of the ACCE field experiment. Additionally, statistical analyses will provide spatial distributions of mean circulation and quantities like eddy kinetic and potential energies, and eddy mixing, in addition to the flux estimates. These gyre-wide estimates will provide strong constraints for the future climate models that must be developed to adequately include the physics of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, particularly the fresh water budget.

9531871 Riser 与 Drs 的配套项目相结合。迈阿密大学的 K. Leaman 和伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的 R. Schmitt 表示，大约 145 个剖面 P-ALACE（剖面自主拉格朗日和环流探测器）浮标（其中至少一半具有盐度）将用于研究热带和亚热带大西洋的特定水团转化过程，作为大西洋环流和气候实验 (ACCE) 的一部分。 全流域网格将用于提供相对均匀的采样，以跟踪整个流域上层盐度和热含量的变化。 更高分辨率的阵列将部署在重要的局部区域，这些区域会形成或转化高盐度的副热带水下（Leaman）、相对均匀的18度水（立管）等水团，或者重要的海气交换高度变化的区域，例如ITCZ（热带辐合带）（R. Schmitt）下方。 更高分辨率将允许跟踪上层海洋特征的体积和结构的季节性和年际变化，并将这些变化与表面热量和淡水通量的模拟/观测估计联系起来。 对这些数据的分析将提供 ACCE 现场实验期间热带和亚热带环流上部 1500 米范围内的速度、温度和盐度场三维图的时间序列。 此外，除了通量估计之外，统计分析还将提供平均环流和涡流动能和势能以及涡流混合等数量的空间分布。这些环流范围的估计将为未来的气候模型提供强有力的约束，这些模型必须充分考虑热带和亚热带大西洋的物理特性，特别是淡水预算。 9531869 Schmitt 与博士的配套项目相结合。华盛顿大学的 S. Riser 和迈阿密大学的 K. Leaman 表示，作为大西洋环流和气候实验 (ACCE) 的一部分，大约 145 个分析 P-ALACE（分析自主拉格朗日和环流探测器）浮标（其中至少一半带有盐度）将用于研究热带和亚热带大西洋的特定水团转化过程。 全流域网格将用于提供相对均匀的采样，以跟踪整个流域的上层盐度和热含量变化。 更高分辨率的阵列将部署在重要的局部区域，这些区域会形成或转化高盐度的副热带水下（Leaman）、相对均匀的18度水（立管）等水团，或者重要的海气交换高度变化的区域，例如ITCZ（热带辐合带）（R. Schmitt）下方。 更高分辨率将允许跟踪上层海洋特征的体积和结构的季节性和年际变化，并将这些变化与表面热量和淡水通量的建模/观测估计联系起来。 对这些数据的分析将提供 ACCE 现场实验期间热带和亚热带环流上部 1500 米范围内的速度、温度和盐度场三维图的时间序列。 此外，除了通量估计之外，统计分析还将提供平均环流和涡流动能和势能以及涡流混合等数量的空间分布。这些环流范围的估计将为未来的气候模型提供强有力的约束，这些模型必须充分考虑热带和亚热带大西洋的物理特性，特别是淡水预算。