Nuclear Theory and Applications to Astrophysics and Particle Physics

本提案围绕核理论及其在天体物理学和粒子物理学中重要问题的应用展开。传统上，原子核被看作是中子和质子的系统，即核子。核子之间的相互作用导致了各种各样的集体性质，包括中子和质子的相干运动。提出了一些项目，以理解为什么许多原子核表现出典型的谐振子的集体行为，并评估质子-中子集体对在质子滴线附近的原子核中的作用。尽管传统的图像取得了巨大的成功，但现在人们对更深入一步，直接从核子的夸克成分中获得一致的原子核图像有很大的兴趣。重子映射被认为是实现这一目标的一种实用方法。将研究与实施这种方法有关的几个问题，然后详细应用于实际的核系统。核物理学在提取天体物理学中具有重要基础意义的信息方面也起着重要作用。我们将考虑两个这样的应用——研究碘探测器对太阳中微子的响应，以及处理与r-和p-过程核合成相关的β衰变。

This proposal centers around nuclear theory and its application to issues of importance in astrophysics and particle physics. Traditionally, the atomic nucleus is viewed as a system of neutrons and protons -- the nucleons. The interactions between nucleons lead to a variety of collective properties, involving neutrons and protons moving coherently. Projects to understand why many nuclei exhibit collective behavior typical of an enharmonic vibrator and to assess the role of proton-neutron collective pair correlations in nuclei near the proton drip line are proposed. Despite the enormous success of the traditional picture, there is now great interest in going one step deeper, to obtain a consistent picture of nuclei directly from the quark constituents of the nucleon. Baryon mappings have been suggested as a practical approach for realizing this goal. Several issues related to implementation of this method will be investigated, followed by detailed applications to real nuclear systems. Nuclear physics also plays an important role in efforts to extract information of fundamental importance in astrophysics. Two such applications will be considered -- a study of the response of a proposed iodine detector to solar neutrinos and a treatment of the beta decays associated with r- and p- process nucleosynthesis.