CAREER: Visual Perception and Memory in Infancy

职业：婴儿期的视觉感知和记忆

• 批准号: 9600724
• 负责人: Ramesh Bhatt
• 金额: $ 38.28万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9600724&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Visual; Perception; Memory; Infancy

9600724 BHATT What information do infants extract from their environments and how does this information affect their subsequent behavior? This research will explore this question by examining basic mechanisms of object perception, memory, and developmental changes in the interface between perception and memory in 3- and 6-month-olds. One prominent class of models of object perception assumes that a limited set of fundamental features underlies all of object perception and that, in adults, information about such individual features is registered in parallel across the visual field during the initial stages of object perception. Evidence for these propositions comes from the extensive study of pop-out effects in adults. The term "pop-out" refers to the phenomenon that an object in a visual display that differs from surrounding objects in terms of individual features is perceived effortlessly. A series of studies will examine whether infants exhibit adult-like pop-out effects, the conditions that engender pop-out effects in infancy, and whether the features viewed as building blocks of object recognition in adults also play a similar role in infancy. In addition to the detection of features, the perception of relations among features is also critical for object recognition. A set of studies will examine the stimulus conditions that facilitate the encoding and memory of relational information in infancy. Also, prior research has revealed that, although infants do remember both features and feature relations, they forget feature relations sooner than the individual features that comprise these relations. A series of studies will analyze possible memory retrieval and interference mechanisms that underlie this dissociation. In addition to the physical aspects of stimuli, object recognition is also mediated by "top-down" processes such as expectancies and the ability to selectively inhibit responding to stimuli. A final set of studies will examine devel opmental changes during the first half year of life in these processes. This research will contribute to the generation of a comprehensive model of early perceptual and cognitive development in normal infants, against which comparisons can be made to describe, analyze, and mitigate various disorders, such as attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Exceptional education activities will include development of audio-visual teaching materials and lab manuals to enhance both research methods and survey courses in developmental psychology, and special activities designed to provide minority high school and undergraduate students the opportunity to participate in research projects. ***

9600724 BHATT婴儿从他们的环境中提取什么信息，这些信息如何影响他们后来的行为？本研究将通过研究3- 6个月婴儿客体知觉、记忆的基本机制以及知觉与记忆界面的发育变化来探讨这一问题。一种突出的物体感知模型假设，所有物体感知的基础是一组有限的基本特征，并且在成年人中，这些个体特征的信息在物体感知的初始阶段平行地记录在整个视野中。这些观点的证据来自于对成人弹出效应的广泛研究。术语“弹出”指的是在视觉显示中与周围物体在个体特征方面不同的物体被毫不费力地感知的现象。一系列的研究将检验婴儿是否表现出与成人相似的弹出效应，在婴儿时期产生弹出效应的条件，以及在成人中被视为物体识别基础的特征在婴儿时期是否也起着类似的作用。除了特征的检测之外，特征之间关系的感知也是物体识别的关键。一系列研究将探讨促进婴儿期关系信息编码和记忆的刺激条件。此外，先前的研究表明，尽管婴儿确实记住了特征和特征关系，但他们忘记特征关系的速度比忘记组成这些关系的单个特征的速度要快。一系列的研究将分析这种分离背后可能的记忆恢复和干扰机制。除了刺激的物理方面，物体识别也由“自上而下”的过程介导，如期望和选择性抑制对刺激的反应的能力。最后一组研究将在这些过程中检查生命前半年的发育变化。这项研究将有助于建立一个全面的正常婴儿早期感知和认知发展模型，与之相比较，可以用来描述、分析和减轻各种障碍，如注意缺陷障碍和多动症。特殊教育活动将包括开发视听教材和实验手册，以加强发展心理学的研究方法和调查课程，以及为少数民族高中和本科生提供参与研究项目的机会的特别活动。＊＊＊