Atmospheric Contamination of Russian Soils (1895-Present)

SBR-9601272 Andrei Lapenis 该奖项支持的研究旨在利用最近发现的信息，这些信息描述了来自俄罗斯各地（东欧平原和西伯利亚中部和东部）的世纪末土壤样本的位置和情况。该研究将：通过比较1893年和1996/7年的样本，测量大气污染物在俄罗斯土壤中的积累;测量土壤碳储量的变化;将这些分析联合收割机结合起来，评估气候和土壤类型对土壤剖面中微量金属存在的影响;并提供数据，限制俄罗斯工业化期间这些元素向大气排放的模型。这些样本已被仔细储存，并在国家科学基金会的试点奖助（以及一些机构和一些个人基金）的帮助下，调查人员已确定47个样本处于非常良好的状态，并且位置和属性信息足以定位和访问当前采样的地点。 此外，有些场地位于环境保护区或管制区。 调查人员已经收集了一些地点的长期天气记录。 目前的研究将集中在四个地点，这些地点的位置完全来自原始样本的文件。 其中三个的植被轮廓与世纪后期相同。 所有四个地点将重新取样，所有八个样本将分析有机质，放射性碳含量，微量元素，碱阳离子，pH值，和特定的人为有机化合物。 这些数据将用于：测量放射性碳和有毒金属、微量营养素和其他大气输入的积累;模拟这些元素在不同土壤和生态系统中的处理速率和形式;将这些成分的储存、深度分布和形式与气候和土壤特征联系起来。 这应该取得小，但实质性的进展，大规模的有机碳动态和微量元素污染的俄罗斯土壤的估计。 这项研究有望在土壤科学、气候和生态变化的相互作用以及人类活动对环境影响的程度和性质方面取得进展。 这两个采样日期所涵盖的时期意味着俄罗斯的大规模工业化，人们普遍认为这影响了自然环境。 虽然只有两个采样日期的存在使得某些推论变得困难或不可能，但这些样本及其文件的发现是一个丰富的发现。 这项研究提供了一个前所未有的机会，研究长期的碳循环，土壤中的污染物负荷，以及俄罗斯土壤中微量元素的性质。

SBR-9601272 Andrei Lapenis SUNY-Albany The research supported by this award aims to take advantage of the recent discovery of information that describes the location and circumstances of late-nineteenth-century soils samples from sites across Russia (across the East European Plain and in central and eastern Siberia). The study will: measure the accumulation of atmospheric contaminants in Russian soils by comparing the 1893 and 1996/7 samples; measure the changes in soil carbon stocks; combine these analyses to assess the effect of climate and soil type on the presence of trace metals in the soil profiles; and provide data to constrain models of atmospheric emission of these elements during Russian industrialization. The samples have been carefully stored, and with the help of a pilot award from NSF (as well as some institutional and some personal funds), the investigator has ascertained that 47 samples are in exceptionally good condition, and that the locational and attribute information is sufficient to locate and access the sites for current-day sampling. In addition, some of the sites are in environmentally protected or controlled locations. The investigator has collected long-term weather records for some of the sites already. The current research will focus on four sites, which have been located exactly from the documentation of the original samples. Three of which have the same vegetative profile now as in the late nineteenth century. All four sites will be resampled, and all eight samples will be analyzed for organic matter, radiocarbon content, trace elements, base cations, pH, and particular anthropogenic organic compounds. These data will be used to: measure the accumulation of radiocarbon and toxic metals, trace nutrients, and other atmospheric inputs; model the rate and form in which these elements are processed in the different soils and ecosystems; and relate the storage, depth distribution, and form of these constituents to climate and soils characteristics. Th is should make small but substantive progress toward large-scale estimates of organic carbon dynamics and trace-element contamination of Russian soils. The research promises advances in soils science, the interaction of climatological and ecological change, and the extent and nature of anthropogenic effects on the environment. The period bracketed by the two sampling dates entails massive industrialization in Russia, widely understood to have affected the natural environment. While the presence of only two sampling dates makes certain inferences difficult or impossible, the discovery of these samples and their documentation is a rich find. This research offers an unprecedented opportunity to study long-term carbon cycling, pollutant loading in soils, and the nature of trace elements in Russian soils.