Acquisition of Essential Monitoring and Control Equipment for a Long-term, Multi-institutional Free-Air Carbon Dioxide and Ozone Enrichment Facility

我们正在威斯康星州北部开发最先进的自由空气二氧化碳浓缩(FACE)设施，以研究二氧化碳和臭氧浓度升高对山杨森林生态系统的相互影响。FACE系统将允许研究社区水平的森林在自然、非封闭条件下对升高的二氧化碳和臭氧的反应。我们已经组建了一个多学科的科学家团队，研究从分子到生态系统层面的反应。我们的长期目标是研究二氧化碳和臭氧升高对再生杨树生态系统中生产力、竞争性相互作用以及碳和氮通量的相互影响，无论是单独还是联合作用。按随机完全区组设计，在四个处理(二氧化碳、臭氧、二氧化碳+臭氧对照)的每个处理中设立三个重复面环。来自9个以前对臭氧和/或二氧化碳敏感的黄杨无性系的生根插条将在每个面轮上以0.5m×0.5m的间距种植。紧密的间距将模拟自然再生的白杨林。高二氧化碳(550ppm)和臭氧(在光合作用活跃的白天比本底高出50ppb，达到80ppm-小时季节性暴露的目标)的熏蒸将在大约100天的生长季进行。将在每个生长季进行生长测量(高度、直径、生物量、叶面积、根产量和根死亡率)、生理测量(光合作用、呼吸作用、气孔导度、叶绿素含量)、植物营养状况(氮)、叶片生化(碳水化合物、酚苷和抗氧化剂)、凋落物分解速率和土壤呼吸。这一系统的建立和运行是一项昂贵的、资本密集型的研究项目。因此，我们将鼓励研究人员和他们的学生多次使用该研究网站。我们目前有大约14名调查人员和他们的研究生参与其中。到目前为止，我们已经得到了美国能源部、美国林业局北部站全球变化计划、全国制浆造纸工业空气和气流改善委员会以及密歇根理工大学的三年支持。此外，我们还得到了美国林务局和布鲁克海文国家实验室的大量实物捐助。然而，我们仍然缺乏关键的空气和气象监测设备、相关的数据采集系统和臭氧产生的资金。该提案寻求对臭氧、二氧化碳和气象监测的高分辨率、快速反应仪器的支持，以及该设施所需的臭氧产生。我们从国家科学基金会学术研究基础设施(ARI)计划中寻求251,671美元；我们从国家制浆造纸工业空气和气流改善委员会(NCASI)获得了59,955美元的匹配捐款，并从主办机构密歇根理工大学获得了44,896美元的捐款。

We are in the process of developing a state-of-the art free-air carbon dioxide enrichment(FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin to examine the interacting effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on a Populus tremuloides forest ecosystem. The FACE system will allow study of community level forest responses to elevated CO2 and O3 under natural, nonchambered conditions. We have assembled a multidisciplinary team of scientists to examine responses from the molecular to the ecosystem levels. Our long-term goal is to examine the interacting effects of elevated CO2 and O3, alone and in combination, on the productivity, competitive interactions, and carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a regenerating aspen ecosystem. Three replicate FACE rings will be established in each of four treatments (CO2, O3, CO2 + O3 control) in a randomized complete block design. Rooted cuttings from nine P. tremuloides clones previously characterized for their O3 and/or CO2 sensitivities will be planted at 0.5 m x 0.5 m spacing across each FACE ring. The close spacing will simulate a naturally regenerating aspen forest. Fumigation with elevated CO2 (550 ppm) and O3 (50 ppb above background during photosynthetically active daylight hours to a target of 80 ppm-hr seasonal exposure) will be conducted over the approximately 100-day growing season. Growth measurements (height, diameter, biomass, leaf area, root production and root mortality), physiological measurements (photosynthesis, respiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content), plant nutrient status (nitrogen), foliar biochemistry (carbohydrates, phenolic glycosides, and antioxidants), litter decomposition rates, and soil respiration will be made throughout each growing season. The establishment and operation of this FACE system is an expensive, capital-intensive research project. Therefore, we will encourage multiple use of the research site by researchers and their students. We currently have some 14 in vestigators and their graduate students involved. Thus far, we have three years' support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Forest Service Northern Station's Global Change Program, the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement of the Pulp and Paper Industry, and Michigan Technological University. In addition, we have significant in-kind contributions by the U.S. Forest Service and Brookhaven National Laboratory. However, we are still short of capital for critical air and meteorological monitoring equipment, the related data acquisition systems, and ozone generation. This proposal seeks support for high resolution, rapid-response instrumentation for the ozone, CO2, and meteorological monitoring, and for the ozone generation needed for the facility. We seek $251,671 from the National Science Foundation Academic Research Infrastructure (ARI) Program; we have matching contributions of $59,955 from the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement of the Pulp and Paper Industry (NCASI) and $44,896 from the host institution, Michigan Technological University.