SGER: The Institutional Life Cycle of the U.S. District Courts, 1789-1996

SGER：美国地方法院的机构生命周期，1789-1996

• 批准号: 9615087
• 负责人: Gerard Gryski
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Auburn University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-01 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9615087&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Institutional; Life; Cycle; U.S.

9615087 Gryski The primary objective of this project is to construct a data base comprised of essential appointment and leaving information for U.S. District Court judges from 1789-1996. The district bench underwent an explosive growth in the past three decades, mushrooming from around 250 judgeships in 1960 to more than 650 today. At the same time retirements from these offices reached record levels, signaling perhaps a new perspective on lifetime service. Three types of data will be collected: the legislative history behind the creation of each court and seat; information on the officeholders and their appointments and departures, and position histories that will enable us to track each position and the judges occupying it over time. The centerpiece of the project is position numbering. Once we establish the succession of occupants to every seat on each state's district bench, then all other objectives fall into place. The data will make it feasible to study fundamental questions about the federal judiciary such as the influence of executive-legislative relations on bench growth, or the role of senatorial courtesy in the appointment process. The data will be archived as an electronic multi-user data base, available to the scholarly community. We will use the data to study: a) the partisan life cycles of the district bench, and how they are influenced by institutional control of the other branches; b) the racial and gender diversification of the district courts, and c) generational changes in seats.

9615087 Gryski 该项目的主要目标是构建一个数据库，其中包含 1789 年至 1996 年美国地方法院法官的基本任命和离职信息。地区法官在过去三十年中经历了爆炸式增长，从 1960 年的约 250 名法官迅速增加到如今的 650 多名。与此同时，这些办公室的退休人数达到了创纪录的水平，这或许标志着终身服务的新视角。将收集三类数据：每个法院和席位创建背后的立法历史；有关官员及其任命和离职以及职位历史的信息，使我们能够跟踪每个职位以及随时间推移担任该职位的法官。该项目的核心是位置编号。一旦我们确定了每个州选区长凳上每个席位的继承人，那么所有其他目标就都到位了。这些数据将使研究有关联邦司法机构的基本问题成为可能，例如行政立法关系对法官席位增长的影响，或参议院礼节在任命过程中的作用。 这些数据将被存档为电子多用户数据库，供学术界使用。我们将使用这些数据来研究：a）地区法官的党派生命周期，以及它们如何受到其他分支机构的机构控制的影响； b) 地区法院的种族和性别多元化，以及 c) 席位的代际变化。