SGER: The Institutional Life Cycle of the U.S. District Courts, 1789-1996

9615087格里斯基这个项目的主要目标是建立一个数据库，其中包括1789年至1996年期间美国地区法院法官的基本任命和留下的资料。在过去的30年里，地区法官经历了爆炸性的增长，从1960年的大约250名法官迅速增加到今天的650多名法官。与此同时，这些办公室的退休人数达到了创纪录的水平，这可能标志着对终身服务的新视角。将收集三种类型的数据：每个法院和席位设立背后的立法历史；关于官员及其任命和离职的信息；以及使我们能够跟踪每个职位和一段时间以来担任该职位的法官的职位历史。该项目的核心是职位编号。一旦我们确定了每个州地区法官席位的居住者继承人，那么所有其他目标就都到位了。这些数据将使研究有关联邦司法的基本问题成为可能，例如行政立法关系对法官成长的影响，或参议员礼貌在任命过程中的作用。这些数据将作为多用户电子数据库存档，供学术界使用。我们将使用这些数据来研究：a)地区法官的党派生命周期，以及它们如何受到其他分支机构控制的影响；b)地区法院的种族和性别多样化；以及c)席位的代际变化。

9615087 Gryski The primary objective of this project is to construct a data base comprised of essential appointment and leaving information for U.S. District Court judges from 1789-1996. The district bench underwent an explosive growth in the past three decades, mushrooming from around 250 judgeships in 1960 to more than 650 today. At the same time retirements from these offices reached record levels, signaling perhaps a new perspective on lifetime service. Three types of data will be collected: the legislative history behind the creation of each court and seat; information on the officeholders and their appointments and departures, and position histories that will enable us to track each position and the judges occupying it over time. The centerpiece of the project is position numbering. Once we establish the succession of occupants to every seat on each state's district bench, then all other objectives fall into place. The data will make it feasible to study fundamental questions about the federal judiciary such as the influence of executive-legislative relations on bench growth, or the role of senatorial courtesy in the appointment process. The data will be archived as an electronic multi-user data base, available to the scholarly community. We will use the data to study: a) the partisan life cycles of the district bench, and how they are influenced by institutional control of the other branches; b) the racial and gender diversification of the district courts, and c) generational changes in seats.