Characteristics of the U.S. District Bench and Courts, 1789-2000; Construction of a Multi-User DataBase on the Attributes of Judges on the Lower Federal Courts

这个项目调查了美国地区法院在当前历史上漫长的政府分裂时期(1969-2000)的任命政治和实践。这项研究扩展了PI之前的工作，开发了一个跨越1789年以来法院演变的关联数据集。地方法院是研究政府分立与统一控制、新制度主义和社会背景理论等问题的理想场所。其中包括三种类型的数据：每个法院和席位设立背后的立法历史；关于官员及其任免情况的信息，这将使调查人员能够跟踪每个职位和一段时间以来担任该职位的法官；以及关于他们的背景和职业经历的数据。有了这个数据库，学者们将能够获得关于共和国成立以来所有法官的广泛信息。数据集足够大(N近2,500名法官)，使调查人员能够有意义地使用数据的统计分析。%这个项目调查了当前历史上漫长的政府分裂时期(1969-2000)美国地区法院的任命政治和做法。这项研究扩展了PI之前的工作，开发了一个跨越1789年以来法院演变的关联数据集。地方法院是研究政府分立与统一控制、新制度主义和社会背景理论等问题的理想场所。其中包括三种类型的数据：每个法院和席位设立背后的立法历史；关于官员及其任免情况的信息，这将使调查人员能够跟踪每个职位和一段时间以来担任该职位的法官；以及关于他们的背景和职业经历的数据。有了这个数据库，学者们将能够获得关于共和国成立以来所有法官的广泛信息。数据集足够大(N近2,500名法官)，使调查人员能够有意义地使用数据的统计分析。

This project investigates appointment politics and practices on the U.S. District Courts in the current historically lengthy (1969-2000) period of divided government. This research extends the PIs prior work developing a linked dataset that spans the evolution of the courts from 1789. The district courts are ideal loci for studies of divided versus unified control of government, neo-institutionalism, and social background theory among others. Three types of data are included: the legislative history behind the creation of each court and seat, information on the officeholders and the circumstance of their appointment and departure that will enable the investigators to track each position and the judges occupying it over time, and data on their backgrounds an career experiences. With this database, scholars will have access to a wide range of information on all judges from the founding of the Republic. The dataset is large enough (N nearly = 2,500 judges) to allow investigators to use statistical analysis of data meaningfully. %%% This project investigates appointment politics and practices on the U.S. District Courts in the current historically lengthy (1969-2000) period of divided government. This research extends the PIs prior work developing a linked dataset that spans the evolution of the courts from 1789. The district courts are ideal loci for studies of divided versus unified control of government, neo-institutionalism, and social background theory among others. Three types of data are included: the legislative history behind the creation of each court and seat, information on the officeholders and the circumstance of their appointment and departure that will enable the investigators to track each position and the judges occupying it over time, and data on their backgrounds an career experiences. With this database, scholars will have access to a wide range of information on all judges from the founding of the Republic. The dataset is large enough (N nearly = 2,500 judges) to allow investigators to use statistical analysis of data meaningfully.