Characteristics of the U.S. District Bench and Courts, 1789-2000; Construction of a Multi-User DataBase on the Attributes of Judges on the Lower Federal Courts

该项目调查了当前历史上漫长的（1969-2000）分裂政府时期美国地方法院的任命政治和实践。这项研究扩展了pi先前的工作，开发了一个跨越1789年以来法院演变的链接数据集。地方法院是研究政府分权与统一控制、新制度主义和社会背景理论等问题的理想场所。包括三种类型的数据：创建每个法院和席位背后的立法历史，有关官员及其任命和离职情况的信息，这将使调查人员能够跟踪每个职位和担任该职位的法官，以及他们的背景和职业经历的数据。有了这个数据库，学者们将有机会获得自共和国成立以来所有法官的广泛信息。数据集足够大（N近= 2500名法官），允许调查人员对数据进行有意义的统计分析。这个项目调查了当前历史上漫长的（1969-2000）分裂政府时期美国地方法院的任命政治和实践。这项研究扩展了pi先前的工作，开发了一个跨越1789年以来法院演变的链接数据集。地方法院是研究政府分权与统一控制、新制度主义和社会背景理论等问题的理想场所。包括三种类型的数据：创建每个法院和席位背后的立法历史，有关官员及其任命和离职情况的信息，这将使调查人员能够跟踪每个职位和担任该职位的法官，以及他们的背景和职业经历的数据。有了这个数据库，学者们将有机会获得自共和国成立以来所有法官的广泛信息。数据集足够大（N近= 2500名法官），允许调查人员对数据进行有意义的统计分析。

This project investigates appointment politics and practices on the U.S. District Courts in the current historically lengthy (1969-2000) period of divided government. This research extends the PIs prior work developing a linked dataset that spans the evolution of the courts from 1789. The district courts are ideal loci for studies of divided versus unified control of government, neo-institutionalism, and social background theory among others. Three types of data are included: the legislative history behind the creation of each court and seat, information on the officeholders and the circumstance of their appointment and departure that will enable the investigators to track each position and the judges occupying it over time, and data on their backgrounds an career experiences. With this database, scholars will have access to a wide range of information on all judges from the founding of the Republic. The dataset is large enough (N nearly = 2,500 judges) to allow investigators to use statistical analysis of data meaningfully. %%% This project investigates appointment politics and practices on the U.S. District Courts in the current historically lengthy (1969-2000) period of divided government. This research extends the PIs prior work developing a linked dataset that spans the evolution of the courts from 1789. The district courts are ideal loci for studies of divided versus unified control of government, neo-institutionalism, and social background theory among others. Three types of data are included: the legislative history behind the creation of each court and seat, information on the officeholders and the circumstance of their appointment and departure that will enable the investigators to track each position and the judges occupying it over time, and data on their backgrounds an career experiences. With this database, scholars will have access to a wide range of information on all judges from the founding of the Republic. The dataset is large enough (N nearly = 2,500 judges) to allow investigators to use statistical analysis of data meaningfully.