The Retention and Promotion of Women and Minority Faculty Members: Effects of Institutional Hiring, Promotion, Diversity and Work-Life Initiatives, 1993-2008

美国的学院和大学已经实施了广泛的项目来促进教授的多样性。特别招聘计划、新父母的任期延长政策、带薪产假、针对女性和少数族裔教员的指导计划、双职业招聘计划、教员的种族亲和网络，这些只是其中的一些举措。这些程序中哪些是有效的？是谁？批评者认为，许多项目可能没有效果，甚至有不利影响。该项目的目标是了解大学招聘、晋升、多样性和工作家庭计划在吸引和留住女性和少数族裔教授方面的作用。该项目将解决以下问题：针对新父母的终身教职延长计划是否有助于女性教职员工获得终身教职，还是更多地帮助男性教职员工，因为男性教职员工的配偶往往职业要求不高？网络项目是帮助非裔美国人和拉丁裔教师取得成功，还是使这些教师蒙受耻辱和孤立？正式的晋升要求是否有助于女性和少数族裔获得晋升，还是只是一种装饰？为了回答这些问题，将利用国家科学院1993 ~ 2008年博士学位获得者调查（SDR）数据和新的调查数据。该项目将编制和试行一份问卷，旨在获取有关大学招聘、晋升、多样性和工作家庭计划的历史数据，编制高校和匹配的SDR受访者样本，并建立分析数据的方法。其目的是展示不同项目的存在和采用对男性和女性、多数和少数博士的职业发展的影响。将开发新的方法来分析来自特别提款权小组的个人层面数据，使用分层线性模型中的多项logit方法，其中个人嵌入在机构中。我们将开发模型，考虑数据中的左和右审查，但利用对特别提款权受访者的多年观察。更广泛的影响：这个项目的结果将是展示哪些类型的项目有助于学校吸引、留住和提升女性和少数族裔教师，并将指导未来的管理者在项目利用和设计方面做出选择。该项目还将培训3至5名博士生分析博士学位获得者调查的数据，并使用先进的统计技术来研究影响美国科学家和工程师职业生涯的因素。

U.S. colleges and universities have implemented a wide range of programs to promote diversity in the professoriate. Special recruitment programs, tenure extension policies for new parents, paid maternity leaves, mentoring programs targeting female and minority faculty members, dual-career hiring initiatives, and ethnic affinity networks for faculty are but a few of the initiatives. Which of these programs work? It is anyone?s guess, and critics argue that many of the programs may have no effects, or even adverse effects. This goal of this project is to understand the role of university recruitment, promotion, diversity, and work-family programs in attracting and retaining female and minority professors. The project will address questions such as: Do tenure extension programs for new parents help female faculty members win tenure, or do they do more to help male faculty members, who more often have spouses with low-demand careers? Do networking programs help African-American and Latino faculty members to succeed, or do they stigmatize and isolate those faculty members? Do formal promotion requirements help women and minorities to win promotion, or do they serve as window-dressing? NCSES' Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) data from 1993 to 2008, as well as new survey data, will be used to address these questions. The project will develop and pilot a questionnaire designed to obtain historical data on university recruitment, promotion, diversity, and work-family programs, develop a sample of colleges and universities and matched SDR respondents, and build methods for analyzing the data. The goal is to show the effects of the presence, and adoption, of different programs on the career progression of male and female, majority and minority Ph.D.s. New methods will be developed for analyzing individual-level data from the SDR panels, using multinomial logit methods in hierarchical linear models, in which individuals are embedded in institutions. We will develop models that account for both left and right censoring in the data, but which make use of the multiple years of observation available for SDR respondents. Broader impacts: The result of this project will be to show which types of programs help schools to attract, retain, and promote women and minority faculty members, and will guide future administrators in making choices about program utilization and design. This project will also train 3 to 5 doctoral students to analyze data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients, and to use advanced statistical techniques to examine factors shaping the careers of U.S. scientists and engineers.