Basic Reading Processes: Comparisons Across Writing Systems

小行星9616519 本项目将通过对书写系统的比较来增进对阅读机制的理解。 它将以中文和英文为重点，建立在近年来阅读英文和其他字母书写系统研究的进展基础上。 中文作为一种基于字符而不是字母的书写系统，与字母系统形成了最大的对比。 在汉语中，每个字符通常象征着一个单词，与英语相反，英语的基本单位（字母）对应于无意义的语音（音素）。 因此，汉语是一个基本单位比字母系统更能直接与意义联系的系统。 尽管如此，尽管阅读汉语在逻辑上允许直接获得意义而不与语言的语音系统（音韵）接触，但实际的阅读可能涉及两种书写系统的音韵。 最近的研究表明，无论是汉语还是英语，都可以通过将书面形式隐含地转换为口语形式来阅读。 这些研究将使用两种语言的各种实验任务。 在英语方面，实验将确保解释的曝光程序，产生的证据，自动内隐音系在文字阅读。 在中国方面，实验将检查意义和语音事件的时间进程，并提供阅读过程的计算模型的发展。 结果将是关于阅读英语和汉语的差异和相似之处的结论。 这将是一个重要的步骤，在解开哪些方面的阅读是依赖于特定的书写系统的语言正在阅读，哪些是普遍的，而不是依赖于语言的书写系统。 ***

9616519 PERFETTI This project will seek to increase understanding of the mechanisms of reading by means of comparisons of writing systems. Focusing on Chinese and English, it will build on the progress made in recent years in research on reading English and other alphabetic writing systems. Chinese, as a writing system based on characters, rather than letters, offers a maximal contrast to alphabetic systems. In Chinese, each character typically symbolizes a word, in contrast to English, where the basic unit (a letter) corresponds to a meaningless speech sound (phoneme). Thus, Chinese is a system in which the basic units can connect more directly to meaning than is the case in an alphabetic system. Nonetheless, although reading Chinese logically allows meaning to be accessed directly without contact with the sound system of the language (phonology), actual reading may involve phonology in both writing systems. Recent research suggests that both Chinese and English may be read by implicitly converting the written form into a spoken language form. These studies will use a variety of experimental tasks in both languages. On the English side, experiments will secure the interpretation of brief-exposure procedures that have produced evidence for automatic implicit phonology in word reading. On the Chinese side, the experiments will examine the time course of meaning and phonological events and provide for the development of computational models of the reading process. The outcome will be conclusions regarding both differences and similarities in reading English and Chinese. This will be an important step in unraveling which aspects of reading are dependent on the particular writing system of the language being read and which are universal and not dependent on the language's writing system. ***