Basic Reading Processes in Mind and Brain

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Understanding literacy is tantamount to understanding basic reading processes. In 2010, the Canadian Council on Learning reported that by 2031 more than 15 million Canadian adults are predicted to have low literacy levels, an increase of 25%. Adults with low literacy levels were reported to have more health problems, earn less money, and have shorter life expectancy. By studying basic reading processes in normal readers, we can identify the neurophysiological and behavioural markers of normal reading processes, and thus provide a roadmap for reversing this trend. As such, this research is necessary for the future socioeconomic well-being of Canadian society, and the world in general. Our lab's research is focused on developing a comprehensive model of basic reading processes. Given that 'reading' today often involves a combination of information processing techniques, such as reading print and processing pictorial information (eg. when using the internet to research a topic), we are working to extend our model to include picture and symbol processing. We use spatial localization methods (i.e., non-invasive functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI) to determine where in the brain various component processes of reading and picture processing take place, and temporal/behavioural localization methods (i.e., reaction time and response duration measures) to determine when in the stages of mental processing (i.e., the mind) these component processes take place. We are also examining the effects of attention and intention on basic reading processes, given that attentional deficits have been linked with poor reading ability, and reading without intention can tell us about the degree to which the component processes of reading operate without conscious awareness. Taken together, the programs of research described here will allow us to develop a model of basic reading processes that is comprehensive, and will help to provide the roadmap for improved literacy skills in the future.