Tornadogenesis and Associated Phenomena

在1994年和1995年的春天，由美国国家科学基金会和国家海洋和大气管理局联合资助的科学家们执行了一个名为“龙卷风旋转起源验证实验”的实地项目。涡旋的主要目的是评估有关低层中气旋增强和龙卷风形成、维持和消亡的几种假设。收集的观测资料包括地基（移动和固定）和机载多普勒雷达、移动地面和气球气象仪器。“漩涡”案件中的8个是本奖项支持的调查的主要兴趣。首先，我们将探讨几个关于龙卷风形成的案例。1995年6月2日德克萨斯州迪米特和弗里奥纳的龙卷风案例特别好地得到了旋涡传感器套件的采样。还将分析在堪萨斯州汉斯顿龙卷风（1995年5月16日）、德克萨斯州凯勒维尔和艾利森龙卷风（1995年6月8日）和OK州坦普尔龙卷风（1995年4月17日）附近的观测结果。这些案例涵盖了各种各样的龙卷风，从在意想不到的地点出现的短暂、微弱的龙卷风到有史以来观测到的最严重的龙卷风之一（就破坏路径宽度和强度的组合而言）。为了开始充分评估有关龙卷风形成和低层中气旋增强的假设，首席研究员将把上述龙卷风案例与几个样本良好的非龙卷风超级单体进行比较。所有这些风暴将使用机载多普勒雷达、新开发的“车轮上多普勒”（DOW）、移动中网、高空探测和立体摄影测量云测绘的组合来研究。综合所有这些数据源对于全面理解所研究的过程的动力学至关重要。这项工作对理解超级单体动力学和龙卷风形成和消亡问题具有重要意义。如果提出的关于龙卷风形成的假设得到证实，那么就有可能开发出一种新的雷达龙卷风特征，具有显著减少误报和增加龙卷风探测概率的潜力。＊＊＊

9617318 Rasmussen During the Springs of 1994 and 95, a field program entitled the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX) was executed by a combination of NSF and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations sponsored scientists. The primary objective of VORTEX was to evaluate several hypotheses pertaining to low-level mesocyclone intensification, and tornado formation, maintenance, and demise. The observations collected include ground-based (mobile and stationary) and airborne Doppler radars, mobile surface and balloon borne meteorological instruments. Eight of the VORTEX cases are of primary interest in the investigations supported under this award. First, several cases of tornadogenesis will be examined. The Dimmitt and Friona, TX, tornadic cases of 2 June 1995 were particularly well sampled by the suite of VORTEX sensors. Observations made near the Hanston, KS tornado (16 May 1995), Kellerville and Allison, TX (8 June, 1995), and Temple, OK (17 April 1995) also will be analyzed. These cases span a large variety of tornadoes, from a brief, weak tornado in an unexpected location to one of the most severe tornadoes ever observed (in terms of the combination of damage path width and intensity). In order to begin to adequately evaluate hypotheses concerning tornadogenesis and low-level mesocyclone intensification, the Principal Investigators will compare the tornadic cases described above with several well-sample non- tornadic supercells. All of these storms will be studied using a combination of airborne Doppler radar, the newly developed "Doppler-on-Wheels" (DOW), mobile mesonetwork, upper air soundings, and stereo photogrammetric cloud mapping. The synthesis of all of these data sources is considered vital to any comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the processes being investigated. The proposed work is of vital importance to progress in understanding supercell dynamics and issues of t ornado formation and demise. If proposed hypothesis regarding tornadogenesis are verified, then it is possible that a new radar tornado signature could be developed with the potential of significantly reducing false alarms and increasing the probability of detection of tornadoes. ***