Democracy and Accountability: Policy Change and Citizen Response in Latin America

民主与责任：拉丁美洲的政策变化和公民反应

• 批准号: 9617796
• 负责人: Susan Stokes
• 金额: $ 5.3万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9617796&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Democracy; Accountability; Policy; Change; Citizen

Democratic theory predicts that governments will enact the policies they pronounced in campaigns and that citizens will hold them accountable through elections. Past research provides empirical support for such predictions. It is therefore startling to observe numerous recent instances, particularly in Latin America's new democracies, where newly elected governments embrace the very programs they vigorously campaigned against. It is equally startling to find that politicians who switched sometimes go on to be popular presidents and win reelection. This research employs interviews, survey data, and a campaign and policy database covering 46 elections in Latin America. It elucidates the inherent features, as well as the range of variation, of new democracies and explores the mechanisms that produce responsive governments. ╝ │?_║╝Á¢¢Á┤ /╣╝ /┤ /│╣┤ ┴/¢¥Á ┴╣%% ▓Á ╣_║╝?└Á┤ ╣ /┤┤╣¥╣? ¥? ¥©Á ╣¢¥/%%/¥╣? ? Á┴ Â┐_Á ©??┤¢ ñ%Á│¥╝╣│/% Á%Á│¥╝?╣│ /┤ Â╣▓Á╝ ?║¥╣│ ┤╣¢¥╝╣▓┐¥╣? ¢`¢¥Á_¢ ┴╣%% ▓Á ┐║À╝/┤Á┤ ¥? _ÁÁ¥ ╣│╝Á/¢╣À Á╗┐╣║_Á¥ │?_║┐¥Á╝ /┤ │?__┐╣│/¥╣?¢ ╝Á╗┐╣╝Á_Á¥¢ /▓?╝/¥?╝╣Á¢ ┴╣%% /%¢? ▓Á _?┤Á╝╣:Á┤ ¥? _ÁÁ¥ áúá /┤ %╣ÂÁ ¢/ÂÁ¥` │?┤Á¢ ¬Á?└/¥╣?¢ ┴╣%% /%%?┴ ¥©Á ┤Á║/╝¥_Á¥ ¥? Â┐%%` ╣_║%Á_Á¥ ¥©Á ╣│?╝║?╝/¥╣? ? ╝Á¢Á/╝│© /¢ / _Á/¢ ? ¥Á/│©╣À /┤ ¥╝/╣╣À ┐┤Á╝À╝/┤┐/¥Á¢ ¢¥┐┤Á¥¢ ╣ ¥©Á ▓╣?%?À╣│/% ¢│╣Á│Á¢ ¿┤╣└╣┤┐/% /┤ │?%%/▓?╝/¥╣└Á ╝Á¢Á/╝│© ┴╣%% ║Á╝_╣¥ │?¥╣┐╣À /║║%╣│/¥╣? ? / %/▓ ▓/¢Á┤ │┐╝╝╣│┐%┐_ /┤ Á©/│Á ¥©Á Â/│┐%¥` ¢¥┐┤Á¥ ╣¥Á╝Â/│Á Á/▓%╣À ¥©Á ┤Á║/╝¥_Á¥ ¥? ▓Á¥¥Á╝ ╣¥ÁÀ╝/¥Á ╝Á¢Á/╝│© /┤ Á┤┐│/¥╣?

民主理论预测，政府将实施他们在竞选中宣布的政策，公民将通过选举追究他们的责任。过去的研究为这样的预测提供了经验支持。因此，观察到最近的许多例子是令人震惊的，特别是在拉丁美洲的新民主国家，新当选的政府接受了他们在竞选活动中大力反对的计划。同样令人震惊的是，改变立场的政客有时会成为受欢迎的总统，并赢得连任。这项研究使用了采访、调查数据和一个涵盖拉丁美洲46次选举的竞选和政策数据库。它阐明了新民主政体的内在特征以及变化范围，并探讨了产生响应性政府的机制。╝│？_║╝？┤/╣╝/┤/│╣┤┴/？袁？┴╣%%▓？╣_║╝？└？┤╣/┤┤╣元╣？元？元？╣元/%%/元╣？┴？┐_ANC？？┤？│元╝╣│/%？│元╝？╣│/┤╣▓？╝？║元╣│┤╣？元╝╣▓┐元╣？、┴╣%%▓？、┐║？╝/┤？┤、╣│╝、╣、╗┐╣║、│？_║┐、╝/┤│？__┐╣│、╣、╝、╗┐╣╝、▓？╝、╝╣、┴╣%%/%、▓、┤、╝╣、┤、┤%╣、/、│？┤？└/元╣？┴╣%%/%%？┴元？┤？║/╝元？原媛？┐%%`╣_║？？原媛？？╣│？╝║？╝/元╣？？╝？？/？？元/╝│？/？/？？元/│？╣？/┤元╝/╣╣？┐┤？╝╝/┤┐/元？？元┐┤？？╣元？▓╣？%？╣│/%？│╣？│？┤╣└╣┤┐/%/┤│？%%/▓？╝/元╣└？╝？？/╝│？┴╣%%║？╝_╣？元│？元╣┐╣？/║║%╣│/元╣？？/%/▓▓/？/┤│┐╝╝╣│┐%┐_/┤？/│？/│┐？元`元┐┤？？元╣元/│？/▓%╣元？┤？║/╝？元_？原媛？▓？原媛？？╝╣？╝/元？╝？？╝│？/┤？┤┐│/元？╣？