Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Institution Building in a New Democracy, Judicial Politics in Argentina, 1980-1996

政治学博士论文研究：新民主主义的制度建设，阿根廷司法政治，1980-1996

• 批准号: 9617896
• 负责人: Susan Stokes
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-02-15 至 1998-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9617896&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

This research investigates why courts sometimes gain independence and wield a check on other branches of government and why they sometimes fail to gain that capacity. Using the case of Argentina, the researcher identifies trends in judicial decision making and systematically tests the conditions under which politicians enhance or undermine judicial independence. This research uses interviews, analysis of judicial reform proposals, congressional debates, court appointments and removals and decisions handed down by two Argentine courts. This latter codes decisions handed down by the Argentine Supreme Court between 1980 and 1996 and the Buenos Aires Federal Appeals Court between 1983 and 1989. This research points to variations in levels of judicial independence over time and across issues, as well as variations in the relative power of the government and the political sensitivity of issues. The results of this study on Argentina have implications for other new democracies inside and outside of Latin America that suffer from weak and dependent judicial institutions.

本研究调查了为什么法院有时会获得独立性并对政府的其他部门进行检查，以及为什么它们有时无法获得这种能力。 以阿根廷为例，研究人员确定了司法决策的趋势，并系统地测试了政治家加强或破坏司法独立的条件。 本研究采用访谈、司法改革提案分析、国会辩论、法院任免和阿根廷两个法院的裁决。 后者对阿根廷最高法院在1980年至1996年期间以及布宜诺斯艾利斯联邦上诉法院在1983年至1989年期间作出的裁决进行了编码。 这项研究指出，随着时间的推移和跨问题的司法独立程度的变化，以及政府的相对权力和问题的政治敏感性的变化。 这项关于阿根廷的研究结果对拉丁美洲内外其他司法机构薄弱且依赖的新民主国家具有影响。