Residential Segregation: Beliefs and Preferences

这是一项关于居住隔离的研究。 过去50年来进行的研究提供了令人信服的证据，表明居住隔离剥夺了黑人通常可以获得的城市白人的许多机会。 梅西和丹顿认为，居住隔离造成了许多大城市的城市下层阶级，并使之永久化。虽然在20世纪80年代，黑人与白人的种族隔离有所减少，但根据人口普查数据对最近的人口分布调查得出的主要印象是，尽管联邦法律发生了变化，非洲裔美国人的社会和经济地位有所改善，但种族隔离仍然存在。 对维持这种隔离的个人水平因素的分析既罕见又不确定。其中许多都集中在一个大都会，底特律，并在信仰和偏好的白人只。 本研究采用新的数据，在很大程度上克服了这些局限性的中心理论问题。 这个项目提出了一个概念模型的原因，继续隔离所产生的Myrdal的观察，非正式的社会压力是主要的力量，维持地理隔离的黑人从白人。 该模型假定，个人对自己的群体和其他种族群体的信念影响他们对哪些社区有吸引力以及应该避免的看法。通过一个创新的数据集，城市不平等的多城市研究（MCSUI），该研究将测试四个地点（亚特兰大，波士顿，底特律和洛杉矶）的黑人和白人样本，两个（波士顿和洛杉矶）的拉丁美洲人样本和洛杉矶的亚洲人样本的信念和偏好的假设。 丰富的相关变量允许以两种方式测试模型。 首先，研究将考察特征和信仰如何影响受访者对居住在不同种族组成的假设社区的偏好。 例如，当黑人搬进来时，对黑人持有刻板印象的白人是否不太可能留在他们的社区，他们是否不愿意搬入已经融合的社区？ 其次，受访者被要求评估居住在特定地点的可取性，如郊区或中心城市内的知名社区。 如果黑人预计到来自某个郊区居民的敌意，他们是否也认为那里是一个不受欢迎的居住地，尽管那里有负担得起的住房？ 通过提出这些问题，本研究将解决个人的信仰和偏好如何转化为众多的位置决定，决定黑人和白人的居住分布。MCSUI数据集的独特结构也使研究能够调查类似的动态是否可能影响现在进入我们日益多样化的大都市的西班牙裔和亚洲人的居住分布。

This is a study of residential segregation. Convincing evidence from studies conducted throughout the last five decades demonstrates that residential segregation denies blacks many opportunities generally available to urban whites. Massey and Denton argue that residential segregation created and now perpetuates an urban underclass in many large cities. Although there were modest declines in black-white segregation in the 1980s; the primary impression gained from examining recent investigations of population distribution based on census data is the persistence of segregation despite changes in federal laws and improvements in the social and economic status of African-Americans. Analyses of the individual level factors acting to sustain this segregation are both rare and inconclusive. Many of these have focused on one metropolis, Detroit, and on the beliefs and preferences of whites only. The present study engages the central theoretical issues with fresh data that largely overcome these limitations. This project presents a conceptual model of the causes of continued segregation emanating from Myrdal's observation that informal social pressures are the primary forces sustaining the geographic isolation of blacks from whites. The model posits that the beliefs individuals hold about their own group and about other racial groups influence their perceptions of which neighborhoods are attractive and which should be avoided. With an innovative data set, the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), the research will test hypotheses about the beliefs and preferences of samples of blacks and whites in four sites (Atlanta, Boston, Detroit and Los Angeles), samples of Latinos in two (Boston and Los Angeles) and a sample of Asians in Los Angeles. The abundance of relevant variables allows testing the model in two ways. First, the research will examine how characteristics and beliefs influence respondents' preferences for living in hypothetical neighborhoods with varying racial compositi ons. For example, are whites who hold stereotypical beliefs about blacks less likely to remain in their neighborhoods when blacks move in, and are they unwilling to move into already integrated neighborhoods? Second, respondents were asked to evaluate the desirability of living in specific locations such as suburbs or well-known neighborhoods within the central city. If blacks anticipate hostility from the residents of a particular suburb, do they also view it as an undesirable place to live despite the presence of affordable housing there? By asking such questions this research will address how individuals' beliefs and preferences translate into the multitude of locational decisions that determine the residential distributions of blacks and whites. The unique structure of the MCSUI data set also allows the research to investigate whether similar dynamics are likely to affect the residential distributions of Hispanics and Asians who are now entering our increasingly diverse metropolises.