DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Diversification of Spider Venoms: Patterns and Correlates of Variation within Individuals and Across Populations and Phylogenies

论文研究：蜘蛛毒液的多样化：个体内、种群间和系统发育的变异模式和相关性

• 批准号: 9623468
• 负责人: Wayne Maddison
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-15 至 1999-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9623468&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Diversification; Spider; Venoms

9623468 Maddison The role of spider venoms in predation strategies or defense varies widely among spiders. The chemical composition of venoms also varies among spider species and there is even evidence of variation within species. In this study, we will use a comparative approach to test for the influence of ecological demands on venom diversification. We will determine phylogenetic levels at which variation in venoms exists, and then determine whether venom changes are more pronounced in systems with behavioral and ecological variability. First, we will assay nongenetic variation by determining the effect on adult venom expression that results from rearing broodmates on different diets. Second, we will determine amounts of variation below the species level in three spider systems: (1) Agelenopsis aperta, a species with known behavioral differences among populations; (2) Tegenaria agrestis, a species with evidence of interpopulational differences in venom pharmacology; and (3) populations of Hawaiian Tetragnatha that are similar ecologically but isolated on different islands. Finally, we will determine venom differences above the species level and investigate ecological and behavioral correlates of these changes in Hawaiian Tetragnatha, a clade which has undergone a radiation involving a shift in foraging behavior. The ability to predict venom characteristics, based on phylogenetic position or ecological circumstances, would help to streamline the ongoing search for novel toxins with useful physiological applications.

9623468 Maddison 蜘蛛毒液在捕食策略或防御中的作用在蜘蛛之间差异很大。 蜘蛛种类之间的毒液化学成分也有所不同，甚至有证据表明蜘蛛种类之间也存在差异。 在本研究中，我们将使用比较方法来测试生态需求对毒液多样化的影响。 我们将确定毒液存在变异的系统发育水平，然后确定毒液变化是否在具有行为和生态变异的系统中更为明显。 首先，我们将通过确定以不同饮食饲养巢同伴对成虫毒液表达的影响来分析非遗传变异。 其次，我们将确定三个蜘蛛系统中物种水平以下的变异量：（1）Agelenopsis aperta，一种已知种群间行为差异的物种； (2) Tegenaria agrestis，一种在毒液药理学方面具有种群间差异证据的物种； (3) 生态相似但隔离在不同岛屿上的夏威夷四颚龙种群。最后，我们将确定物种水平以上的毒液差异，并研究夏威夷四颚龙这些变化的生态和行为相关性，夏威夷四颚龙是一个经历了涉及觅食行为转变的辐射的分支。 根据系统发育位置或生态环境预测毒液特征的能力将有助于简化对具有有用生理应用的新型毒素的持续搜索。