Dissertation Research: Genetics of Incipient Speciation in Two Species of Salticids

论文研究：两种杀盐类的早期物种形成的遗传学

• 批准号: 9520668
• 负责人: Wayne Maddison
• 金额: $ 0.81万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9520668&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Genetics; Incipient; Speciation

9520668 MADDISON The forces that have lead to the great diversity of life on earth are poorly understood. This study will compare the genetics of two species of jumping spiders in an attempt to understand the processes driving speciation. These two species, isolated on the mountain ranges in southeast Arizona, appear to be evolving at a very rapid rate. Their habitat was continuous between the mountain ranges as recently as 10,000 to 14,000 years ago. In this short period, males of one species have diverged considerably. Another closely related species also shows some divergence, but not nearly to such a striking degree. Mitochondrial and nuclear genes will be examined in order to reconstruct the genetic forces that have promoted morphological divergence. The genetic data will be used to test new theories developed in the past ten years. one of these, coalescent theory, attempts to reconstruct the past genetic structure of a species by examining a gene genealogy of that species. The genealogy of mitochondrial DNA has been used in attempts to infer the history of humans, but we know little about how mitochondria evolve in general. This study will add to our knowledge of how mitochondria evolve, which may influence how we interpret future genetic data with this molecule. This study allows a unique opportunity to examine speciation while it is still occurring. The mountain ranges in southeast Arizona are habitats that have become fragmented from each other due to climatic changes. They may provide a model that will lead to better understanding of how populations have responded to range fragmentation in the past. Such understanding will be useful in developing conservation strategies to deal with widespread habitat fragmentation due to human disturbance.

9520668 MADDISON 人们对导致地球上生命多样性的力量知之甚少。这项研究将比较两种跳蛛的遗传学，试图了解驱动物种形成的过程。这两个物种孤立在亚利桑那州东南部的山脉上，似乎正在以非常快的速度进化。 早在 10,000 至 14,000 年前，它们的栖息地就在山脉之间连续存在。在这短暂的时期内，一个物种的雄性出现了相当大的分化。 另一个密切相关的物种也表现出一些差异，但没有达到如此惊人的程度。 将检查线粒体和核基因，以重建促进形态分化的遗传力量。 遗传数据将用于测试过去十年发展的新理论。其中之一是合并理论，试图通过检查该物种的基因谱系来重建该物种过去的遗传结构。线粒体 DNA 的谱系已被用来推断人类的历史，但我们对线粒体的总体进化知之甚少。这项研究将增加我们对线粒体如何进化的了解，这可能会影响我们如何用这种分子解释未来的遗传数据。 这项研究提供了一个独特的机会来检查仍在发生的物种形成。亚利桑那州东南部的山脉是由于气候变化而相互破碎的栖息地。他们可能提供一个模型，使人们更好地了解过去人口如何应对范围破碎化。这种理解将有助于制定保护策略，以应对人类干扰造成的广泛栖息地破碎化问题。