Chemical Separations Using Combined Structure Fluid Gradients and Countercurrent Field Flow Fractions

摘要 提案编号： 9627453提案类型：研究者发起主要研究者：T. Alan Hatton所属组织： 马萨诸塞州理工学院 该补助金通过化学和运输系统部门的界面，运输和分离计划授予。首席研究员是T博士。马萨诸塞州理工学院的艾伦·哈顿。该研究解决了适用于许多困难的化学分离问题的新技术的开发，特别是在小批量高附加值应用中。外部施加的场梯度将用于产生在溶液结构中具有横向梯度的系统，因此在它们与特定溶质或颗粒的相互作用中具有横向梯度。通过使用具有强制逆流的场流分馏概念，可以在分离过程中利用不同溶质在这种结构化梯度溶液上的分布差异。例如，某些嵌段共聚物溶液可以在相对窄的温度范围内经历微相转变，使得如果跨溶液施加温差，则胶束在流动通道的较暖区域中形成，但不在溶液的较冷部分中形成。这可能通过胶束核心内的增溶作用影响疏水性溶质的分布，或者可能导致较大分子物质（如蛋白质和病毒）的尺寸排阻。另一个例子是使用聚合物稳定的磁性纳米颗粒作为磁场梯度中的分离介质。高选择性络合剂，如杯芳烃或手性表面活性剂，可以连接到这些聚合物，以提高分离能力。 这些方法将具有显著的优点，即该方法可以连续操作，它将是温和的和低毒性的，并且即使当用于分离两种溶质的驱动力很小时也可以实现高分辨率。潜在的应用包括精细化学品分离、对映体混合物的光学拆分、蛋白质分离和病毒纯化。 维贾伊John，PD/CTS 03/27/97

ABSTRACT Proposal No: 9627453 Proposal Type: Investigator Initiated Principal Investigator: T. Alan Hatton Affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology This grant is awarded through the Interfacial, transport and separations program of the Chemical and Transport Systems Division. The principal investigator is Dr. T. Alan Hatton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The research addresses the development of a new technique applicable to many difficult chemical separation problems, particularly in low-volume high value-added applications. Externally-applied field gradients will be utilized to generate systems having lateral gradients in solution structure and hence in their interactions with specific solutes or particles. The differences in distribution of different solutes over such structured gradient solutions can be exploited in separation processes by using filed-flow fractionation concepts with imposed countercurrent flow. Certain block copolymer solutions, for instance, can undergo microphase transitions over a relatively narrow temperature range such that if a temperature difference is applied across the solution, micelles are formed in the warmer regions of the flow channel but are not formed in the colder parts of the solution. This could affect the distribution of hydrophobic solutes through solubilization within he micelle cores, or could lead to size exclusion of larger molecular species such as proteins and viruses. Another example would be the use of polymer-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles as separations media in a magnetic field gradient. Highly selective complexing agents, such as calixarenes or chiral surfactants, can be attached to these polymers to enhance the separation capabilities. These methods will have the significant advantages that the process may be operated continuously, it will be gentle and low in toxicity and may achieve high resolution even when the driving force for separation of two solutes is small. Potential applications include fine chemicals separations, the optical resolution of enantiomeric mixtures, protein separations, and virus purification. Vijay T. John, PD/CTS 03/27/97