Interfacial Transport in Reversed Micellar Extraction Processes

本课题由理论与实验相结合的 相间质量速率和机理的研究 在与水溶液接触的反胶束系统中的转移 相位 一系列溶质，从低分子量，水 可溶性化合物，直到球状，水溶性蛋白质将 被研究。 据推测，不同的机制， 低分子量化合物存在传质， 与蛋白质相反。 对于低分子量 化合物，提出反胶束的形成，因为 界面的随机热波动， 周期性地导致接口的一部分， 水相分离形成反胶束， 被困在内部的溶质。 对于较高 分子量的蛋白质，它是假设， 蛋白质接近界面导致 界面的一部分自发断裂， 反胶束，蛋白质被捕获在反胶束中， 胶束 这两种不同的理论模型 机制已被概述。 这些现象应该表现出 对浓度等因素的依赖性非常不同， 温度，所以它们应该很容易区分，如果 可以准确测量传质速率。 一种新的传质速率测量技术 已经提出了这些实验：界面 干涉测量法 流体的折射率取决于 任何溶解物质的浓度。 光束 分束器将用于通过相干光束的一部分， 光穿过靠近界面的液体层 在有机相和水相之间;当与 将产生其余的光束干涉带， 分离将正比于浓度的 光束穿过的溶液层。 通过仔细 控制光束平行于界面的位置 用光学台和设备将系统与 振动，该技术应该能够准确地 将浓度确定为距离的函数 界面和时间的函数。 这些数据可以 非常精确地转化为传质速率。 组合 与理论工作，这应该给一个非常完整的 所研究系统的相间传质图 并应使研究者能够确定 涉案 这一制度对发展中国家具有潜在的重大意义。 新兴生物技术产业。 反胶束萃取 水溶液中的蛋白质可能会发展成一种 最通用和有效的生物分离技术。 这 项目应大大增加其潜力， 商业应用。

This project consists of combined theoretical and experimental studies of the rates and mechanisms of interphase mass transfer in reverse micelle systems in contact with an aqueous phase. A range of solutes from low molecular weight, water soluble compounds up to globular, water soluble proteins will be studied. It is hypothesized that a different mechanism for mass transfer exists for low molecular weight compounds as opposed to the proteins. For the low molecular weight compounds it is proposed that reverse micelles form because of random thermal fluctuations of the interface which periodically result in part of the interface and the immediate aqueous phase breaking off to form a reverse micelle with some of the solute trapped in the interior. For the higher molecular weight proteins, it is hypothesized that the approach of the protein to the interface results in the spontaneous breaking off of part of the interface to form a reverse micelle, with the protein trapped in the reverse micelle. Theoretical models for these two different mechanisms have been outlined. The phenomena should exhibit very different dependence on factors such as concentration and temperature, so they should be easily distinguished if the mass transfer rate can be measured accurately. An innovative technique for measuring the mass transfer rate has been proposed for these experiments: interfacial interferometry. The refractive index of a fluid is dependent upon the concentration of any dissolved species. A beam splitter will be used to pass one part of a beam of coherent light through a layer of the liquid close to the interface between the organic and aqueous phases; when joined with the rest of the beam interference bands will be produced whose separation will be proportional to the concentration of the layer of solution through which the beam passed. By carefully controlling the position of the beam parallel to the interface with an optical bench and equipment to isolate the system from vibration, the technique should be able to accurately determine concentration as a function of distance from the interface and as a function of time. This data then can be translated very accurately into mass transfer rates. Combined with the theoretical work, this should give a very complete picture of the interphase mass transfer in the systems studied and should enable the investigator to determine the mechanisms involved. This system is one of potentially great importance to the emerging biotechnology industry. Reverse micelle extraction of proteins from aqueous solution may develop into one of the most versatile and effective bioseparation technologies. This project should add greatly to its potential for early commercial applications.