Geophysics of cratering experiments: The laboratory perspective

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Experimental impact structures will be investigated using Non-Destructive Testing methods on the laboratory scale that are comparable to geophysical prospection methods. Techniques using ultrasound or electromagnetic waves can help to characterize the damage zone underneath the crater structure and determine its extent. The techniques have also the potential (together with modal analysis) to characterize petro-physical material properties or to determine the layers of a stratified target. These data are important for comparing the influence of different material (target) parameters on the formation of craters, crater substructures or damage zones. The experimentally gathered data will help further on to both verify and constrain numerical modeling results of crater formation, and to determine input parameters for the modeling. Field experiments at terrestrial crater structures (the Steinheim Basin, Germany, and Kamil crater, Egypt) using geophysical prospection methods are addressed in Proposal VIII. To transfer the results of the laboratory experiments to these large scale data, the non-destructive testing methods will play a central role. The results e.g. of ultrasound measurements can be compared with data obtained from reflection seismic profiles and microwave data with RADAR profiles done at Kamil. The link between the laboratory and the field experiments are again the numerical models that bring data together from different scales.