Dissertation Research: Comparative Anatomy of the Radula Apparatus in Gastropods in a Phylogenetic Context: Testing Parameters in Models of Formation of Complex Morphologies

论文研究：系统发育背景下腹足动物齿根装置的比较解剖学：测试复杂形态形成模型中的参数

• 批准号: 9700728
• 负责人: David Lindberg
• 金额: $ 0.44万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9700728&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Comparative; Anatomy; Radula

9700728 LINDBERG The radula is a feeding structure (much like a tongue with small teeth embedded in its supface) found in most molluscs (snails, octopus, etc.). Like mammalian claws and fingernails, the radula is constantly being produced and worn away. This characteristic, combined with the complexity of the radular teeth and the variations in this complexity between different mollusc groups, make it an important source of characters for unraveling the geneaologies (phylogenetic histories) of organisms. The radula is commonly used for this purpose in molluscan taxonomy, but little is known about the development of this organ as the mollusc passes from larva to adult form. In these taxonomic studies, much information may have been missed or misinterpreted because only the adult anatomy of the radula has been examined and not its development. In this research, David Lindberg and doctoral candidate Robert Guralnick will study the development of the radula in several species of snails (gastropod molluscs) representing several major taxonomic groups. Every stage of development will be studied from examinations of whole radulae, microscopic sections of radulae, and three dimensional image reconstructions of radulae based on sectioned material. Highly sensitive algorithms will be used to describe the changing shapes of the radula during development as well as the differences in comparable developmental stages between snail species. Phylogenetic analyses including these developmental data will be compared with those based only on the adult morphology of the radula. The investigators expect to establish a testable and flexible model of the formation of the gastropod radula, and determine, more generally, the significance of using the development of a structure, rather than just the end point of its development, to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of living organisms.

[700728] LINDBERG radula是一种在大多数软体动物（蜗牛，章鱼等）中发现的进食结构（很像表面嵌有小牙齿的舌头）。就像哺乳动物的爪子和指甲一样，耳廓也在不断地产生和磨损。这一特征，再加上齿状突的复杂性以及不同软体动物群体之间这种复杂性的差异，使其成为揭示生物谱系（系统发育史）的重要特征来源。在软体动物的分类学中，通常用喉舌来作此用途，但在软体动物从幼虫到成虫的过程中，喉舌的发育却鲜为人知。在这些分类研究中，由于只研究了耳廓的成虫解剖结构，而没有研究其发育过程，因此可能遗漏或曲解了许多信息。在这项研究中，David Lindberg和博士生Robert Guralnick将研究代表几个主要分类类群的几种蜗牛（腹足类软体动物）的radula发育。每个发展阶段的研究将从整个结节的检查，结节的显微切片，以及基于切片材料的结节三维图像重建。高度敏感的算法将用于描述在发育过程中变化的形状以及蜗牛物种之间可比发育阶段的差异。包括这些发育数据的系统发育分析将与那些仅基于radula成虫形态的系统发育分析进行比较。研究人员希望建立一个可测试的和灵活的腹足动物的形成模型，并确定，更一般地说，利用结构的发展，而不仅仅是其发展的终点，来重建活生物体的系统发育历史的意义。