Doctoral Dissertation Research: Status and Power in Social Exchange Networks

9700766 Markovsky这个博士论文研究项目将实验检验一种新的权力理论，该理论将两种社会学传统：权力和地位的研究联系起来。本研究(i)检验了一种新的理论论点，将网络交换理论（Markovsky et al. 1988, 1993）与地位特征和期望状态理论（Berger et al. 1977; Wagner and Berger 1993）和地位价值理论（Berger et al. 1972）联系起来；（ii）为没有优势地位的网络建立地位信息对交换结果的基线效应；（iii）确定状态信息是否足以否定某一类结构中出现的弱结构优势。这一理论解释了个体特征或地位特征如何导致社会交换网络中权力的发展。论点是，高地位行为者的财产获得了一定程度的地位价值，这种价值独立于他们可能携带的任何经济或消费潜力。例如，棒球是有价值的，但卡尔·里普肯的棒球赋予了一种独特的地位价值感，这种价值最终源于他作为一名球员的声望。因此，这一理论预测，高地位创造了一种地位价值感，这种价值感附着在高地位行为者控制的商品上。交流。所有的实验都在爱荷华大学的群体过程研究中心进行。实验对象通过联网的个人电脑进行互动，每个人都协商在各自的网络关系中获得利润池的份额。所有的研究对象都是大学一年级或二年级的学生，并且在给定的研究中只包括同性的研究对象。受试者被随机分配到他们的网络位置，并在整个过程中保持不变。首先，受试者提供有关他们的年龄、性别、教育程度和高中平均成绩的信息。然后，实验者报告每个实验对象的伴侣的预定信息。与“地位更高”的合伙人联系在一起的受试者认为，他们正在与一位GPA更高的27岁工程研究生合作。那些与“地位较低”的人交往的人认为他们的伴侣是一个平均绩点较低的16岁高中生。在几个状态无差别测试中，每个受试者都认为他们与一个在年龄、GPA、学年和学术专业方面与真实受试者具有同等地位的伴侣有联系。然后给每个实验对象分配一种商品——颜色的扑克筹码——在谈判阶段进行控制。实验对象被告知，他们将与他们的伙伴协商扑克筹码，每个人都将收到与自己不同颜色的筹码，以帮助实验者跟踪互动。在状态操作和芯片分配之后，受试者开始协商和交换阶段。在每个实验中，受试者完成60轮谈判，每轮最多交换一次。所有人都被鼓励尽可能多地为自己赢得筹码，并被告知他们的工资将由他们赚到的筹码数量决定。收集的数据将用于使用回归分析测试几个统计模型。* * * *

9700766 Markovsky This Doctoral Dissertation Research project will experimentally test a new theory of power that connects research from two sociological traditions: power and status. This research (i) tests a new theoretical argument that connects Network Exchange Theory (Markovsky et al. 1988, 1993) with the theory of Status Characteristics and Expectation States (Berger et al. 1977; Wagner and Berger 1993) and the theory of Status Value (Berger et al. 1972); (ii) establishes the baseline effect of status information on exchange outcomes for networks having no advantageous position; and (iii) determines if status information is sufficient to negate weak structural advantages that occur in one class of structures. This theory explains how individual traits or status characteristics lead to the development of power in social exchange networks. The argument is that the possessions of high status actors acquire a degree of status value that is independent of any economic or consumatory potential they may otherwise carry. For example, baseballs are valuable but Cal Ripken's baseball confers a unique sense of status value that ultimately stems from his prestige as a player. Thus, this theory predicts that high status creates a sense of status value that attaches to goods controlled by high status actors. exchanges. All experiments are conducted at the Center for the Study of Group Processes at the University of Iowa. Subjects interact via networked PCs, each negotiating to receive a share of the profit pool in each of their network relations. All subjects are first or second year college students and only same-gender subjects were included in a given session. Subjects are assigned randomly to their network positions where they remain for the entire session. First, subjects provide information on their age, gender, education, and high school grade point average. The experimenter then reports predetermined information about each subject's partners. Subjects connected to a "higher status" par tner believe they are working with a 27 year old engineering graduate student with a superior GPA. Those connected to a "lower status" person believes that their partner is a 16 year old high school student with an inferior GPA. Several status undifferentiated tests in which each subject believed they are connected to an equal status partner comparable to the real subject in terms of age, GPA, year in school and academic major are ran. Each subject is then assigned a commodity-colored poker chips-to control in the negotiation phase. Subjects are told they will negotiate with their partners for poker chips, and each will receive chips different from their own in color to help the experimenter keep track of the interactions. Following the status manipulation and chip allocation, subjects begin the negotiation and exchange phase. In each experiment, subjects complete 60 rounds of negotiation, making a maximum of one exchange per round. All are encouraged to gain as many chips as they can for themselves and told that their pay will be determined by the number of poker chips they earned. Data collected will be used to test several statistical models using regression analysis. ****