Dissertation Research: Inferring the Mechanism of Y Chromosome Degeneration From the Newly Evolving Sex Chromosomes in Drosophila miranda

论文研究：从米兰达果蝇新进化的性染色体推断Y染色体退化的机制

• 批准号: 9701098
• 负责人: Martin Kreitman
• 金额: $ 1.24万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-15 至 2000-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9701098&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Inferring; Mechanism; Chromosome

9701098 Charlesworth Sex determination in many species is controlled by a special pair of chromosomes, the X and Y chromosomes. The Y chromosome usually has few active genes. In some species, "neo-sex chromosomes" have been formed by the fusion of an X or Y chromosome to a regular chromosome, causing this chromosome to be transmitted in the same way as the true sex chromosomes. This allows study of the forces responsible for the degeneration of the Y chromosome. The fruitfly Drosophila miranda is a classic example, in which some of the genes on the neo-Y chromosome have degenerated. Different processes that might be responsible for degeneration have different consequences for the patterns of between- and within-species variation of neo-Y chromosome genes. The DNA sequences of neo-Y chromosome genes will be obtained from different individuals of D. miranda, and from its relative D. pseudoobscura, in order to find out which processes are occurring. This work will illuminate the origin of the basic features of sex chromosomes, and enhance knowledge of the genetic mechanisms controlling variation in DNA sequences. Since sex chromosomes play an important role in human genetic diseases, the results will aid our understanding of these diseases.

9701098 Charlesworth许多物种的性别决定是由一对特殊的染色体，即X和Y染色体控制的。 Y染色体通常只有很少的活性基因。 在某些物种中，“新性染色体”是由X或Y染色体与常规染色体融合形成的，导致这种染色体以与真正的性染色体相同的方式传播。 这使得研究的力量负责退化的Y染色体。 果蝇（Drosophila米兰达）就是一个典型的例子，其中新Y染色体上的一些基因已经退化。 不同的过程，可能是负责退化有不同的后果模式之间和种内变异的新Y染色体基因。 本研究将从不同个体中获得neo-Y染色体基因的DNA序列。米兰达和它的亲戚D. pseudobscura，以找出正在发生的过程。 这项工作将阐明性染色体的基本特征的起源，并提高对控制DNA序列变异的遗传机制的认识。 由于性染色体在人类遗传性疾病中起着重要作用，因此该结果将有助于我们对这些疾病的理解。