Dissertation Research: Ontogeny and Evolution of Frog Hind Limb Bone & Muscle Morphology & Material Properties: Effects of Varying Developmental Duration on Jumping Perfor

Biewener 9701121 发育持续时间对个体发育的肌肉骨骼形态和骨骼材料特性的青蛙将进行评估，这些功能的知识扩展到更广泛的脊椎动物物种。发育持续时间的变化被假设为影响后肢骨骼和肌肉的形态和材料特性，从而影响新变态青蛙的运动性能。将在现场收集的青蛙和实验青蛙在两个温度下提出的肌肉骨骼系统的发育持续时间的变化的影响进行比较。从现场收集和实验室饲养的青蛙跳跃的高速视频分析将被用来关联性能与肌肉骨骼形态和骨材料的属性。肌肉骨骼特征将通过组织切片、X线片、四点弯曲和询问的组合进行检查。将使用所有参数的个体发育和系统发育标度来了解年龄和大小的影响。 本研究将评估青蛙发育持续时间演变中的潜在权衡。虽然快速，幼虫的发展往往是有利的生态，这项研究将评估其成本的运动性能的肌肉骨骼系统的形态和生理能力。

Biewener 9701121 The effects of developmental duration on the ontogeny of musculo-skeletal morphology and bone material properties in frogs will be evaluated, expanding knowledge of these features to a broader range of vertebrate species. Variation in developmental duration is hypothesized to affect the morphology and material properties of the hind limb bones and muscles and, consequently, the locomotor performance of newlymetamorphosed frogs. The effects of variations in developmental duration on the musculoskeletal system will be compared in field collected frogs and experimental frogs raised at two temperatures. Analysis of high speed videos of jumps from field-collected and laboratory-raised frogs will be used to correlate performance with musculo-skeletal morphology and bone material properties. Musculo-skeletal characteristics will be examined through a combination of histological sectioning, radiographs, four-point bending, and asking. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic scaling of all parameters will be used to understand the influence of age and size. This study will assess potential trade-offs in the evolution of developmental durations in frogs. Though rapid, larval development is often ecologically advantageous, this study will evaluated its cost to locomotor performance in terms of the morphological and physiological capabilities of the musculo-skeletal system.