Doctoral Dissertation Research: Ontogeny, Evolution, and Ecogeographic Patterns of Human Limb Morphology

博士论文研究：人类肢体形态的个体发育、进化和生态地理模式

• 批准号: 1945797
• 负责人: Charles Roseman
• 金额: $ 1.17万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1945797&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Ontogeny; Evolution

Modern humans expanded into nearly every region of the world, adapting both culturally and biologically to a range of natural environments. Past research in human skeletal biology has shown that the human limb skeleton shifts toward a shorter, more robust morphology in cold-adapted populations and a taller, less robust morphology in heat-adapted populations. This doctoral dissertation project will examine how evolutionary processes have shaped this diversity in the human limb skeleton through changes in growth and development (ontogeny). The project will directly address the relationship between different evolutionary forces and changes in growth trajectories, advancing knowledge about biological mechanisms underpinning human morphological adaptations and plasticity. Reconstructed 3D surface renderings from computed tomography (CT) scans and other data generated from this project will be shared freely to facilitate further research and the development of online teaching materials. In addition, the project will promote undergraduate mentoring and training, as well as national and international collaborations through conferences, seminars and workshops with partner institutions.Past studies have shown that adaptation by natural selection to climatic conditions, neutral (non-selective) evolution, and non-heritable change in response to climatic conditions (phenotypic plasticity) may all play important roles in shaping the diverse morphological patterns observed in the human limb skeleton. In addition, studies on juvenile skeletons have shown that these morphological patterns are evident at young ages. When and how these different evolutionary forces influence limb shape and size during growth remain unclear. This project uses a global sample of osteometric measurements taken from bone specimens of archaeological populations and 3D modules reconstructed from CT scans of contemporary population to tease apart these different evolutionary forces. The investigator will use a range of statistical methods and models to address whether: 1) selection on body size during growth will have different effects on limb morphology, 2) neutral evolutionary forces can account for some of the divergence in growth trajectories in addition to climatic adaptation, and 3) selection acts primarily on adults, juvenile individuals, or both.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

现代人类扩展到世界上几乎每一个地区，在文化和生物上适应了一系列的自然环境。过去对人类骨骼生物学的研究表明，在冷适应人群中，人类四肢骨骼向更短、更健壮的形态转变，而在热适应人群中，四肢骨骼向更高、更不健壮的形态转变。这个博士论文项目将研究进化过程如何通过生长和发育（个体发生）的变化来塑造人类肢体骨骼的多样性。该项目将直接解决不同的进化力量和生长轨迹变化之间的关系，推进对支持人类形态适应和可塑性的生物机制的认识。从计算机断层扫描（CT）中重建的三维表面效似图和其他由该项目产生的数据将免费共享，以促进进一步的研究和在线教材的开发。此外，该项目还将促进本科生指导和培训，并通过与伙伴机构举行会议、研讨会和讲习班，促进国内和国际合作。过去的研究表明，自然选择对气候条件的适应、中性（非选择）进化和对气候条件的非遗传变化（表型可塑性）都可能在塑造人类四肢骨骼中观察到的各种形态模式中发挥重要作用。此外，对青少年骨骼的研究表明，这些形态模式在年轻时很明显。在生长过程中，这些不同的进化力量何时以及如何影响肢体的形状和大小尚不清楚。该项目使用从考古人群的骨骼标本中提取的全球骨骼测量样本和从当代人群的CT扫描中重建的3D模块来梳理这些不同的进化力量。研究者将使用一系列统计方法和模型来解决以下问题：1)生长过程中对体型的选择是否会对肢体形态产生不同的影响；2)除了气候适应外，中性进化力可以解释生长轨迹的一些差异；3)选择主要作用于成人，幼年个体，或两者兼而有之。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Allometric scaling and growth: Evaluation and applications in subadult body mass estimation

异速生长缩放和生长：亚成人体重估计的评估和应用

• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24329
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Yim, An‐Di;Konigsberg, Lyle W.;Hwa, Hsiao‐Lin;Chang, Chin‐Chen;Chen, Jo‐Yu;Liu, Hon‐Man
• 通讯作者: Liu, Hon‐Man

A new tool for medical image processing in biological anthropology and anatomy research

生物人类学和解剖学研究中医学图像处理的新工具

• DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.00471
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The FASEB Journal
• 作者: Yim, An‐Di;Corron, Louise;Stull, Kyra
• 通讯作者: Stull, Kyra