Surface Heat Budget of the North Water Polynya

拟议的项目是国际北水波利尼亚研究的一部分，该研究涉及1997年(夏季)和1998年(春季至夏季)在加拿大破冰船C.C.G.S.Louis S.Laurent上到巴芬湾以北的研究邮轮。本项目的目的是测量波尼亚的表面热收支。具体目标是确定：a)现在波尼亚的地表热量收支，并评估其“潜伏”与“敏感”特征；b)云辐射强迫是云量、云型、冰盖、冰型和太阳天顶角的函数；c)晴空辐射强迫是水汽、气溶胶和太阳天顶角的函数；d)开阔水域和冰盖附近热量和水汽交换的湍流交换系数；这些系数对海洋边界层条件的依赖；e)海洋和冰的皮肤温度；F)近地表海温梯度对海-气热量、水汽和气体通量的影响。这些目标将通过使用高质量仪器来实现，包括测量天空、云、海洋表面和冰盖发射的辐射光谱的自校准红外干涉光谱辐射计。通过在最广泛的冰盖范围内(从总冰盖到无冰条件)进行测量，该项目是对规模更大的SHEBA和ARM项目的补充。

The proposed project is a component of the international North Water Polynya Study, which involves research cruises to the north of Baffin Bay on the Canadian ice-breaker C.C.G.S. Louis S. St. Laurent, in 1997 (summer) and 1998 (spring-summer). This project is to measure the surface heat budget of the polynya. Specific aims are to determine: a) surface heat budget of NOW polynya, and assess its "latent" versus "sensible" character; b) cloud radiative forcing as a function of cloud-cover, cloud type, ice-cover, ice-type and solar zenith angle; c) clear sky radiative forcing as a function of water vapor, aerosols and solar zenith angle; d) turbulent exchange coefficients for heat and moisture exchanges in open water and vicinity of ice cover; dependences of these coefficients on conditions in the marine boundary layer; e) skin temperature of ocean and ice, and; f) influence of near-surface, sea-temperature gradients on air-sea fluxes of heat, moisture and gases. These goals will be achieved by using high quality instrumentation, including a self-calibrating infrared interferometric spectroradiometer to measure spectra of radiation emitted by the sky, clouds, the ocean surface and ice cover. By making measurements in the widest range of ice cover (from total ice cover to ice-free conditions), this project is complimentary to the much larger SHEBA and ARM programs.