Collaborative Research: A Heat Budget Analysis of the Arctic Climate System

合作研究：北极气候系统的热量收支分析

• 批准号: 0531040
• 负责人: Mark Serreze
• 金额: $ 43.67万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0531040&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Heat; Budget; Analysis

AbstractThe Arctic System can be viewed as a set of interconnected and interacting physical, biological and human components. Arguably the most integrating component of the full Arctic system is its climate system. The mean state, variability and change in the climate system exert strong controls on biological processes and human activities. Arctic climate is in turn tightly coupled to the global system. This is an effort towards synthesis of the Arctic climate system that distills the wealth of data assembled though ARCSS and other national and international efforts in a tractable, integrating heat budget framework.While the Arctic climate system is certainly complex, in its most fundamental sense it has an elegant simplicity. One can consider the system in terms of a polar cap, defined by a hypothetical wall at 70oN, and comprising two columns separated by the surface interface - an atmospheric column extending from the surface to the top of the atmosphere, and an underlying column, extending from the surface down to some depth. Changes in the heat content of the atmospheric column depend on the net flux of energy coming into its sides (the heat flux from lower latitudes), the radiation budget at its top, and net heat transfers through the surface interface. These latter transfers include processes such as sea ice growth and melt, and exchanges of sensible heat. Similarly, the underlying column gains or loses heat via fluxes into its sides and communication with the atmosphere through the surface interface. The observed mean annual cycle, variability and change in the Arctic climate system can be essentially described in terms of these interactions, reflected in familiar climate elements such as the atmospheric circulation, surface, atmospheric and upper-ocean temperatures, snow cover and sea ice conditions. While the above example considers a simple polar cap, the heat budget framework can be applied to understand regional aspects of the climate system.An advantage of this way of thinking is that it provides a common framework within which data from many sources, including atmospheric reanalyses, runs from coupled ice-ocean, land surface and global climate models, satellite remote sensing, and surface and oceanic observations, can be ingested. Different sources will give different realizations of a given budget term. This spread of realizations represents a measure of uncertainty. This group will compile gridded monthly time series of budget terms for a domain encompassing the Arctic Ocean and terrestrial drainage, emphasizing the data-rich period 1979 to present. Given the limitations of some records (e.g., observed ocean heat transports), they will also develop climatologies for simpler domains. These data sets will be applied in a series of studies, framed around key research questions, to clarify interactions shaping the annual cycles, variability and recent changes in the Arctic climate system. They will also assess consistency between recent changes and projected future states of the system.

摘要可以将北极系统视为一组相互联系和相互作用的物理，生物学和人类组成部分。可以说，完整的北极系统中最整合的组成部分是其气候系统。气候系统的平均状态，可变性和变化对生物过程和人类活动产生了强大的控制。北极气候又与全球系统紧密相连。这是为了综合北极气候系统的努力，该系统通过弧线和其他国家和国际努力来提炼大量的数据，以整合热预算框架。一个人可以用极盖来考虑系统，该系统由70 on处的假设壁定义，包括两个由表面界面隔开的柱 - 从表面到大气顶部延伸的大气色谱柱，以及从表面延伸到一定深度的基础柱。大气色谱柱的热含量的变化取决于能量的净通量进入其侧面（低纬度的热通量），顶部的辐射预算以及通过表面界面的净热传递。这些后者的转移包括海冰生长和融化等过程，以及换热量的交换。同样，基础色谱柱通过通量进入其侧面并通过表面界面与大气通信。观察到的平均年度周期，北极气候系统的变化和变化可以从这些相互作用的角度来描述，这反映在熟悉的气候元素中，例如大气循环，表面，大气和上海的温度，雪覆盖和海冰状况。虽然上面的示例考虑了一个简单的极性盖，但可以应用热预算框架来理解气候系统的区域方面。这种思维方式的优势是，它提供了一个共同的框架，其中许多来源（包括大气重新汇总）的数据从耦合的冰上冰山，冰上冰淇淋，地表和全球气候模型，卫星遥感和大洋构造，可以构成冰原，地表和全球气候模型，可与大海进行构造，可与大海进行构成。不同的来源将对给定的预算任期提供不同的实现。实现的传播代表了不确定性的衡量标准。该小组将编写围栏的预算条款，以涵盖北极海洋和陆地排水的域名，强调1979年的数据丰富时期。鉴于某些记录的局限性（例如，观察到的海洋热传输），它们还将发展气候，以实现更简单的领域。这些数据集将应用于一系列研究中，围绕关键研究问题构建，以阐明构成北极气候系统的年度周期，可变性和最新变化的相互作用。他们还将评估系统的最新变化与预计的未来状态之间的一致性。