RUI: Development and Maturation of Olfactory Centers in theLobster: Influences of Serotonin and Adult Neurogenesis

RUI：龙虾嗅觉中心的发育和成熟：血清素和成体神经发生的影响

• 批准号: 9709514
• 负责人: Barbara Beltz
• 金额: $ 21.4万
• 依托单位: Wellesley College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9709514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Development; Maturation; Olfactory; Centers

9709514 BELTZ Dr. Beltz will investigate two related issues of neuronal development and plasticity in the lobster brain. One area of this research builds on recent studies in a variety of organisms that point to the potential contibution of proliferating cells that generate new neurons in the adult brain. The birth of new neurons in the mature olfactory pathway of the lobster has been demonstrated both in the receptor population and in interneurons that are involved in olfactory processing and transmission of information to higher centers. Integration of new cells into existing circuits may provide a means of modifying olfactory learning or integration in the mature brain. The proposed studies will examine the possible regulation of neurogenesis by steroid hormones and other factors, such as damage to the antennules in the olfactory periphery. The possible contribution of neuronal death ("apoptosis") to the refinement of the mature olfactory system also will be addressed. The second set of studies will examine the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin in brain development. In contrast to the apparent gradual changes in cellular components of the olfactory pathway, the serotonergic input to the olfactory system appears to be very stable in lobsters. Identified serotonergic interneurons innervating the olfactory lobes appear early in embryogenesis and persist throughout larval and adult life. Serotonin depletion during the embryonic period results in a dramatic slowing of growth in olfactory target regions. This implies that serotonin normally promotes the growth of these regions. In future studies the cellular bases of this growth retardation will be investigated by comparing the development of specific groups of olfactory interneurons exposed to reduced, normal and increased levels of serotonin. These studies are relevant to developmental mechanisms in higher organisms because there are many parallels between the organization of olfactory pathways and processing even in phylogen etically distant species. In addition, these studies will explore basic mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of neural circuits which may be applicable in a spectrum of other organisms.

9709514 BELTZ Beltz博士将研究龙虾大脑中神经元发育和可塑性的两个相关问题。 这项研究的一个领域是建立在最近对各种生物体的研究基础上的，这些研究指出了在成人大脑中产生新神经元的增殖细胞的潜在贡献。 在龙虾成熟的嗅觉通路中新神经元的诞生已经在受体群体和参与嗅觉处理和向更高中心传递信息的中间神经元中得到证实。 将新细胞整合到现有回路中可能会提供一种修改嗅觉学习或整合到成熟大脑中的方法。 拟议的研究将检查类固醇激素和其他因素对神经发生的可能调节，例如嗅觉周围触角的损伤。 神经元死亡（“凋亡”）的成熟嗅觉系统的完善可能的贡献也将得到解决。 第二组研究将检查神经递质血清素在大脑发育中的作用。 与嗅觉通路的细胞成分明显的逐渐变化相反，龙虾的嗅觉系统中的多巴胺能输入似乎非常稳定。 已确定的嗅叶神经元在胚胎发育早期出现，并持续整个幼虫和成虫的生活。 在胚胎期血清素耗竭导致嗅觉靶区域的生长显著减慢。 这意味着血清素通常促进这些区域的生长。 在未来的研究中，这种生长迟缓的细胞基础将通过比较特定组的嗅觉中间神经元暴露于降低，正常和增加的血清素水平的发展进行研究。 这些研究与高等生物的发育机制有关，因为嗅觉通路的组织和加工之间有许多相似之处，即使在遗传学上遥远的物种中也是如此。 此外，这些研究将探索神经回路的发展和维持所涉及的基本机制，这些机制可能适用于其他生物体。