Collaborative Research: Implicit Social Cognition

在正在进行的关于内隐社会认知的研究中，我们形成了这样的观点，即构成社会行动的认知过程的重要组成部分：(A)通常隐藏在参与者的意识或控制能力之外，因此，(B)不可能使用仅限于自我报告措施的方法进行有效的调查。我们的研究已经成功地采用了几种间接的方法来揭示内隐刻板印象的运作。本项目的第一个目标是将这些关于内隐社会认知的研究扩展到内隐态度和内隐自尊的社会认知结构领域。现有的无意识社会认知测量(最突出的是语义启动测量)有一些显着的局限性。虽然这些措施在制定这些措施的实验室中得到了有效使用，但它们(A)没有轻易地被出口到其他实验室，(B)没有产生足够大的影响规模，不足以作为个别差异措施取得成功。我们之前由NSF资助的研究已经产生了一种新的程序(内隐联想测试，IAT)，它被证明提供了一种可靠、有效和敏感的测量内隐社会认知中个体差异的方法。本项目的第二个目标是记录IAT方法的基本性质，并将其用作研究内隐社会认知的核心技术。这项研究将产生三种令人满意的产品：(A)在社会行为心理调查中应该广泛有用的新测量；(B)对无意识认知参与社会行为的新理论见解；以及(C)在工作场所和学校等重要环境中的应用，在这些环境中，未被认识到的(即，隐含的)刻板印象和偏见干扰了令人满意的或富有成效的行为。

In ongoing research concerning implicit social cognition we have developed the view that important components of the cognitive processes that underlie social actions are (a) ordinarily hidden from the actor's awareness or ability to control and, as a consequence, (b) beyond the possibility of effective investigation using methods that are limited to self-report measures. Our research has successfully employed several indirect measures to reveal the operation of implicit stereotypes. The first goal of this project is to extend these investigations of implicit social cognition to the domains of the social-cognitive constructs of implicit attitudes and implicit self-esteem. Existing measures of unconscious social cognition (most prominently semantic priming measures) have some notable limitations. Although these measures have been used effectively at laboratories in which they were developed, they (a) have not readily been exported to other laboratories and (b) have not yielded large enough effect sizes to succeed as individual difference measures. Our previous NSF-funded research has yielded a new procedure (the Implicit Association Test, IAT) that has been shown to provide a reliable, efficient, and sensitive measure of individual differences in implicit social cognition. The second goal of the current project is to document the basic properties of the IAT method and to develop its use as a core technique for investigating implicit social cognition. The research will yield three types of desirable products: (a) new measures that should be broadly useful in psychological investigations of social behavior, (b) new theoretical insights into the involvement of unconscious cognition in social behavior, and (c)applications in important settings, such as workplace and school, in which unrecognized (i.e., implicit) stereotypes and prejudices interfere with desirable or productive behavior.