The Genetics Research Community in China - A Critical History of its Formation and Development, 1920-1986

中国遗传学研究界——其形成和发展的重要历史，1920-1986

• 批准号: 9710360
• 负责人: Laurence Schneider
• 金额: $ 4.93万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9710360&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetics; Research; Community; China; Critical

This project will produce a book-length history of experimental genetics in China, from its inception in the 1920s through its post-Maoist efflorescence in the 1980s. Of the very few case studies of modern Chinese science, this will be the first one to span the Republican and Communist eras. Genetics has been chosen because its history is exemplary, embodying a full range of issues faced by China's natural science community, including the creation of a research community from scratch, the role of foreign scientists in that creation process, the involvement of the state, and the interplay of science and ideology. A premise of the study is that historians, which concerned with such abstract topics, must not lose sight of the actual research conducted by scientists, because one cannot speak meaningfully about scientists and their community without describing and evaluating their research. This case study will demonstrate that, paralleling its accomplishments, there was a persistent and growing ambivalence about the modern scientific enterprise in China, generally expressed in nativist and populist conceptions of science. A broad range of primary sources will be consulted for this history, including archival data from Chinese universities and research institutes and from American philanthropic foundations. Past research activities are accessible through publications of universities and research institutes, and from conference proceedings. Interviews with scientists and visits for genetics research facilities in China complement the archival materials.

这个项目将产生一本书的长度在中国的实验遗传学的历史，从它在20世纪20年代的开始，通过其后毛泽东时代在20世纪80年代开花。 在为数不多的现代中国科学案例研究中，这将是第一个跨越共和和共产主义时代的案例。 选择遗传学是因为它的历史是典型的，体现了中国自然科学界面临的一系列问题，包括从无到有的研究社区的创建，外国科学家在创建过程中的作用，国家的参与，以及科学和意识形态的相互作用。 研究的一个前提是，历史学家，这涉及到这样的抽象主题，不能忽视的实际研究所进行的科学家，因为一个人不能有意义地谈论科学家和他们的社区没有描述和评估他们的研究。 本案例研究将表明，在取得成就的同时，人们对中国现代科学事业的矛盾心理也在持续增长，这种矛盾心理通常表现为本土主义和民粹主义的科学观。 这段历史将参考广泛的原始资料，包括来自中国大学和研究机构以及美国慈善基金会的档案数据。 过去的研究活动可通过大学和研究机构的出版物以及会议记录查阅。 对科学家的采访和对中国遗传学研究设施的访问补充了档案材料。