Evaluating community perceptions and ethical considerations in genetics research in small scale populations

项目总结 从历史上看，少数群体和土著人民首当其冲地受到执行不力的影响。 保护人类研究对象的法规。随着基因组研究向更具包容性的全球 应考虑到多样性、关于遗传研究和数据管理的本土观点，以及 应评估向参与者进行的传播工作是否成功。参与人视角研究 旨在剖析当前治理和同意模式的非洲基因组研究表明 要破译偏好，特定人群的参与是必要的。在肯尼亚，参与基因工程 研究是非洲最高的研究之一，也是参与者视角研究最少的研究之一 来自小规模社会和城市社区的研究人员和参与者。同意和 治理模式应该建立在参与者的观点之上，这些参与者提供与文化相关的动机， 地方研究伦理委员会可以用来更好地处理同意文件和研究过程。我们的 拟议的研究将探讨西方伦理实践是否以及如何准确地应用于基因研究 与图尔卡纳人、博拉纳人、伦德尔人和图尔卡纳人的理解、态度和看法一致(或不一致) 肯尼亚北部的桑布鲁牧民。我们团队正在进行的基因研究表明， 这些群体之间的进化史和遗传结构，以及这种独特的关系 促进探索道德实践和关注事项的机会。具体地说，我们有三个目标将 在所有四个人群中进行评估。首先，我们将评估传播工作的成效，并 通过使用传播前和传播后确定遗传学研究的理解水平来确定材料 评估。第二，我们将确定和比较对遗传学和基因组学的态度和看法 研究。第三个目标将体现对隐私、同意、数据使用和数据治理的深入看法。 我们将测试这些结果对肯尼亚新人口的普适性，以便我们可以观察到 其他人群和研究人员可能会使用这些数据。不断增长的研究伦理学领域产生了 许多道德规范，与小规模人口合作的提示性指导方针，以及西方 来自美洲和澳大利亚的人口和土著人口详细说明了 基因研究。大多数情况下，这些数据没有包括非洲人口的观点，也没有确定 作品本身的影响。这里提出的研究将为与Small合作提供一个框架 土著人口，产生关于传播努力成功的新知识，并记录 图尔卡纳人、博拉纳人、伦德尔人和桑布鲁人的具体伦理关切和观点。

PROJECT SUMMARY Historically, minority populations and indigenous peoples have borne the brunt of poorly implemented regulations to protect human subjects in research. As genomic research expands to be more inclusive of global diversity, indigenous perspectives about genetic research and data management should be considered, and the success of dissemination efforts to participants should be evaluated. Research on participant perspectives on genomic research in Africa that aim to dissect current governance and consent models demonstrate population specific engagement is necessary to decipher preferences. In Kenya, where participation in genetic research is amongst the highest in Africa, it is also one of the most understudied for participant perspectives amongst researchers and participants from small scale societies and urban communities. Consent and governance models should be built on participant perspectives which offer culturally relevant motivations that local research ethics committees can use to better address consent documents and research processes. Our proposed study will address whether and how Western ethical practices used in genetic studies accurately align (or fail to align) with the understandings, attitudes, and perceptions of the Turkana, Borana, Rendille, and Samburu pastoral populations of northern Kenya. Ongoing genetic work by our group has characterized the evolutionary history and genetic structure among and between these groups, and this unique relationship facilitates the opportunity to explore ethical practices and concerns. Specifically, we have three aims that will be assessed across all four populations. First, we will assess the effectiveness of dissemination efforts and materials by determining the level of understanding of genetics research using pre- and post-dissemination assessments. Second, we will identify and compare attitudes and perceptions towards genetics and genomic research. The third aim will characterize in-depth views on privacy, consent, data use, and governance of data. We will test the generalizability of these results to a novel population in Kenya so that we may observe how other populations and researchers may use these data. The growing field of research ethics has produced many ethical codes, suggestive guidelines to work with small scale populations, and perspectives of Western populations and indigenous populations from the Americas and Australia detailing the concerns elicited by genetic studies. Mostly, these fail to include the perspectives of African populations and also fail to determine the impact of the work itself. The research proposed here will provide a framework for collaborating with small indigenous populations, generate new knowledge about the success of dissemination efforts and document specific ethical concerns and perspectives of the Turkana, Borana, Rendille and Samburu.