El Nino Impacted Coral Reefs in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Secondary Disturbances, Recovery and Effects on Community Diversity and Reef Growth

厄尔尼诺现象对热带东太平洋珊瑚礁的影响：次生扰动、恢复以及对群落多样性和珊瑚礁生长的影响

• 批准号: 9711529
• 负责人: Peter Glynn
• 金额: $ 52万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-15 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9711529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: El; Nino; Impacted; Coral; Reefs

This project will long term study that has focused on ecological disturbances, causes, and the responses of eastern Pacific reef coral populations and reef communities during and following the severe and historically unprecedented 1982 1983 El Nino / Southrn Oscillation (ENSO) event. This study involves strong international collaboration with host country research teams working at several field sites in Costa Rica, Panama, and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), all areas that were severely affected during the 1982 1983 ENSO disturbance. This study will continue with (a) monitoring the physical and biological conditions of eastern Pacific coral reefs initiated in the early to mid 1970s, (b) investigating the responses of different coral species to ENSO stressors (chiefly positive sea temperature anomalies) under controlled microcosm conditions, (c) studying coral reproductive ecology as it relates to recruitment success in field surveys, and (d) documenting coral community recovery or changes leading to alternate, non reef building communities. New research directions initiated in 1994 will be pursued, namely (e) an attempt to link coral bleaching/mortality with local and global scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and (f) modeling the size structure of coral populations and coral community dynamics based on mechanistic relationships between temperature, predation, coral growth, and survivorship derived from field monitoring and experimental results. In addition, (g) analyses of the molecular genetic structure of the different zooxanthella taxa found in eastern Pacific corals to assess the importance of zooxanthellae diversity in explaining the variability in patterns of coral bleaching, and (h) recovering coral populations, to assess their genetic structure and diversity in relation to population size and distance from source populations, will be investigated.

本项目将长期研究1982 - 1983年前所未有的严重厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）事件期间和之后的生态干扰、原因和东太平洋珊瑚礁珊瑚种群和珊瑚礁群落的反应。这项研究涉及与东道国研究小组在哥斯达黎加、巴拿马和加拉帕戈斯群岛（厄瓜多尔）的几个实地地点开展的强有力的国际合作，所有这些地区都在1982 - 1983年ENSO扰动期间受到严重影响。这项研究将继续进行(a)监测1970年代初至中期开始的东太平洋珊瑚礁的物理和生物条件；(b)在受控的微观条件下调查不同珊瑚物种对ENSO压力源（主要是正海温异常）的反应；(c)研究与实地调查中征聘成功有关的珊瑚生殖生态学；(d)记录珊瑚群落的恢复或导致交替的变化；非珊瑚礁建筑社区。1994年开始的新的研究方向将继续进行，即(e)试图将珊瑚白化/死亡与当地和全球尺度的海面温度异常联系起来，以及(f)根据实地监测和实验结果得出的温度、捕食、珊瑚生长和存活之间的机制关系，模拟珊瑚种群的大小结构和珊瑚群落动态。此外，将研究(g)分析东太平洋珊瑚中发现的不同虫黄藻分类群的分子遗传结构，以评估虫黄藻多样性在解释珊瑚白化模式变化方面的重要性；(h)恢复珊瑚种群，以评估其遗传结构和多样性与种群大小和与源种群的距离的关系。