FSML- An Arctic Winter Residence Facility for the Toolik Field Station, Alaska

图里克站位于阿拉斯加北坡，为独特的北极陆地和淡水生态系统的生物、水文、地质和大气调查提供了一个国内和国际重要的研究平台。自1975年以来，它为来自39个州和25个国家的63个机构和大学的研究人员和学生提供服务。自1992年以来，Toolik现场站（CFFS）的使用率增加了40%，目前在四个月的现场季节中使用率约为3,500天；这一需求预计将在未来10年持续或进一步增长。这项提议是为了建立一个冬季居住设施，连同1994年获得的冬季实验室，将扩大对TFS及其北极研究项目的访问，使其全年都能进行研究。目前在美国没有实地研究站，在极地地区也很少有科学家可以全年工作的研究站。这种新的能力预计将增加当前研究项目的范围和性质，这些项目以前无法调查并将占据北极年75%的重要冬季过程整合到基于夏季的模型中，并且预计将吸引来自各种学科的新研究人员使用该设施。一个现代化的住宅设施，有多余的暖气和电源以及卫星电话，对于冬季研究作业和调查人员和工作人员的安全是必要的。冬季居住设施是Toolik野外站的关键和最优先项目：第二个二十年，关于科学任务和Toolik野外站发展的建议，美国国家科学基金会北极研究人员和后勤专家研讨会于1995年举行的报告。这也是美国北极研究联盟即将出版的《美国北极科学后勤》的当务之急。目前，美国国家科学基金会资助的基于TFS的研究包括北极长期生态研究项目、美国国际冻土带实验项目、北极系统科学的陆地-大气-冰相互作用组成部分、气候和植被对北极生态系统地下二氧化碳通量的影响；与北极淡水和陆地系统的水文联系北极冻土带与卫星辐射亮度关联的生物圈模式的建立与验证北极生态系统初级生产：适应气候变化的相互作用机制延长季节长度对植物物候的影响阿拉斯加冻土带群落组成、生产力和生态系统碳通量：对全球变化的影响北极鸟类的激素行为适应；这些是预计在1997年使用TFS的22个不同项目之一。

The Toolik Field Station, located on Alaska' s North Slope, provides a nationally and internationally significant research platform for biological, hydrological, geological, and atmospheric investigations on unique arctic terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Since 1975 it has served investigators and students from 63 institutions and universities from 39 states and 25 countries. Since 1992 use of the Toolik Field Station CFFS) has increased by 40% to its current occupancy of approximately 3,500 user days in a four month field season; this demand is expected to be sustained or grow further over the next 10 years. This proposal is for building a winter residence facility that, together with the winter laboratory acquired in 1994, will expand access to TFS and its arctic research programs to all of the year. Currently there are no field research stations in the U. S. and few in the circumpolar region at which scientists can work year-round. This new capability is expected to increase the scope and nature of current research programs that have not before been able to investigate and integrate into summer-based models the significant and important winter- season processes that occupy 75% of the arctic year, and new investigators from a variety of disciplines are expected to be attracted to using the facility. A modern residence facility with redundant heating and power sources and a satellite phone is necessary for winter research operations and the safety of investigators and staff. A winter residence facility was a key and highest priority item in the Toolik Field Station: The second twenty years, recommendations on the science mission and the development of Toolik Field Station, the report that resulted from a NSF workshop of U.S. arctic researchers and logistics experts held in 1995. It is also an immediate priority of U.S. Logistics for Arctic Science, a forthcoming publication of the arctic Research Consortium of the United States. Current NSF-sponsor ed studies based at TFS include the arctic Long-Term Ecological Research program, the U. S. International Tundra Experiment program, Components of the Arctic System Science's Land- Atmosphere-Ice-Interactions, The Effects of Climate and Vegetation on Below Ground CO2 Fluxes in Arctic Ecosystems; Hydrologic Linkages with Arctic Freshwater and Terrestrial Systems; Development and Validation of a Biosphere Model for Arctic Tundra with Linkages to Satellite Radiobrighmess; Primary Production in Arctic Ecosystems: Interacting Mechanisms of Adjustment to Climate Change; Effects of Increased Season Length on Plant Phenology; Community Composition, Productivity, and Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in Alaskan Tundra: Implications for Global Change; and Hormone-behavior Adaptations in Arctic Birds; these are among 22 different projects that are expected to use TFS in 1997.