Quantifying multi-scale impacts of winter extreme events on the atmosphere-snow-ground interface in the Arctic

量化冬季极端事件对北极大气-雪地界面的多尺度影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-02805
• 负责人: Langlois, Alexandre
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=755080
• 关键词: Quantifying; multi; scale; impacts; winter

The first and strongest signs of global climate variability and change have been observed in the cryosphere over the past four decades, which has led to a variety of strong climate-related feedbacks. A direct consequence of warming temperatures is the increased occurrence of winter extreme events (WEE) such as rain-on-snow, heat waves and blizzards that are expected to last longer. Hence, the overarching goal of the proposed research is to develop a WEE monitoring network in the cryosphere using 40 years of satellite remote sensing data (microwave, multispectral) and modeling at various scales. In order for the proposed network to achieve its goals, my approach is twofold: 1) fieldwork is planned to measure and characterize impacts of WEE on surface state variables and the associated electromagnetic responses in order to develop satellite detection algorithms. The WEE will then be monitored from space in order to identify spatial and temporal trends in event occurrence; 2) the obtained results will be compared with snow model simulations to evaluate the impact of WEE on snow properties and how these impacts affect Peary caribou habitat. The novelty of the proposed research resides in the fact that the occurrence of WEE in the cryosphere has not been studied using remote sensing despite its significant impacts on Peary caribou, a specie now listed at risk. This is mostly due to a lack of data and expertise given the harsh winter working conditions. WEE are of particular relevance from scientific (e.g., climate scenario development), economic (e.g., damage to infrastructure) and social (e.g., public safety and natural hazards) perspectives. The proposed research program provides a unique opportunity to address these urgent needs in the context of climate change and the increased interest in natural resources. The remote sensing science that would be developed will improve our current knowledge of the state of the cryosphere and will be of significant relevance to decision-makers and northern stakeholders.

在过去40年里，已经在冰冻圈观测到全球气候变率和变化的第一个和最强烈的迹象，这导致了各种与气候有关的强烈反馈。气温变暖的一个直接后果是冬季极端事件（WEE）的增加，如预计持续时间更长的雨雪、热浪和暴风雪。因此，该研究的总体目标是利用40年的卫星遥感数据（微波、多光谱）和不同尺度的建模，在冰冻圈建立一个微大气监测网络。为了使提议的网络实现其目标，我的方法是双重的：1)计划实地工作，以测量和表征WEE对表面状态变量和相关电磁响应的影响，以便开发卫星检测算法。然后将从空间监测微信号，以确定事件发生的空间和时间趋势；2)将所得结果与积雪模式模拟结果进行比较，以评估WEE对积雪特性的影响以及这些影响对驯鹿栖息地的影响。这项拟议研究的新颖之处在于，尽管对现在被列为濒危物种的北美驯鹿有重大影响，但冰冻圈中WEE的发生尚未使用遥感技术进行研究。这主要是由于在严酷的冬季工作条件下缺乏数据和专业知识。从科学（例如，气候情景发展）、经济（例如，对基础设施的破坏）和社会（例如，公共安全和自然灾害）的角度来看，WEE特别相关。拟议的研究项目为在气候变化和对自然资源的兴趣增加的背景下解决这些迫切需求提供了一个独特的机会。将发展的遥感科学将改善我们目前对冰冻圈状况的了解，并将对决策者和北方利益攸关方具有重大意义。