Air-Sea Coupling Mechanisms in Tropical Cyclones

热带气旋中的海气耦合机制

• 批准号: 9714885
• 负责人: Lynn Shay
• 金额: $ 50.28万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-03-15 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9714885&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Air; Sea; Coupling; Mechanisms; Tropical

9714885 Shay The U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) is an interagency activity designed to perform and implement the research necessary to improve the delivery of weather services to the nation. Under this Program, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Office of Naval Research are jointly evaluating and supporting research of high priority to the USWRP. One of the primary goals of the USWRP is to perform the research necessary to improve track and intensity forecasts of hurricanes. The goal of this research effort is to improve understanding of the role of air- sea interactions in modifying the near-surface wind structure of tropical cyclones. Of particular importance is to understand the role of these interactions as tropical cyclones pass over warm oceanic features that surround the United States Eastern Seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico states. Specific research objectives are: (a) Determine locations and heat content of warm core oceanic eddies; (b) Examine the forcing of warm ocean features on enhanced surface stresses, fluxes and waves in the APBL and the role of the OPBL feedback on the APBL; and (c) Quantify the roles of mixing and horizontal advection of SST and salinity gradients including the mass, heat and salt budgets in the OPBL. Research approach involves an ocean monitoring program based on satellite remote sensing to detect warm, mesoscale oceanic features during the summer months. These features will be monitored using the analyzed sea-surface height anomalies derived from the NASA TOPEX and Geosat Follow On missions to determine their locations relative to the forecast storm track. Sea surface temperatures will be monitored from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Additionally, as part of the NOAA Hurricane Research Division experimental field program, a coupled atmospheric and oceanic ob servational program will be conducted from an NOAA aircraft. Observations will include measurement of upper ocean current, temperature and density structure using airborne expendable profilers. Concurrent observations of the turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and moisture in the APBL during these oceanographic deployments; and remote-sensing of surface winds and stresses using the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer and airborne C-Band Scatterometer, and possibly 2-dimensional directional wave spectra from the NASA Scanning Radar Altimeter will be acquired during reconnaissance and research missions. Successful completion of this research will lead to a better understanding of the role of warm upper oceanic features on surface wind variations. This may lead to improved boundary layer parameterizations and improved hurricane intensity forecasts. ***

小行星9714885 美国天气研究计划（USWRP）是一项跨部门活动，旨在执行和实施必要的研究，以改善向国家提供的天气服务。 根据这一方案，国家科学基金会、国家海洋和大气管理局（诺阿）、国家航空航天局（美国航天局）和海军研究办公室正在联合评估和支持美国水资源项目高度优先的研究。 USWRP的主要目标之一是进行必要的研究，以改善飓风的路径和强度预报。 这项研究工作的目标是提高对海气相互作用在改变热带气旋近地面风结构方面的作用的认识。 特别重要的是要了解这些相互作用的作用，因为热带气旋经过环绕美国东海岸和墨西哥湾各州的温暖海洋特征。 具体的研究目标是：（a）确定暖心海洋涡旋的位置和热含量;（B）研究暖海洋特征对亚太边界层表面应力、通量和波浪增强的强迫作用，以及太平洋边界层反馈对亚太边界层的作用;（c）量化SST和盐度梯度的混合和水平平流的作用，包括太平洋边界层的质量、热量和盐分收支。 研究方法涉及一个海洋监测方案，该方案基于卫星遥感，以探测夏季温暖的中尺度海洋特征。这些特征将使用来自NASA TOPEX和Geosat Follow On任务的分析海面高度异常进行监测，以确定其相对于预测风暴路径的位置。 海面温度将由高级甚高分辨率辐射计监测。 此外，作为NOAA飓风研究部实验场计划的一部分，一个耦合的大气和海洋观测计划将从NOAA飞机进行。 观测将包括使用机载一次性剖面仪测量上层洋流、温度和密度结构。 在这些海洋学部署期间，将同时观测亚太边界层动量、热量和水分的湍流通量;在侦察和研究任务期间，将利用步进频率微波辐射计和机载C波段散射计遥感地表风和应力，并可能利用美国航天局扫描雷达高度计获取二维定向波谱。 这项研究的成功完成将导致更好地了解温暖的上层海洋特征对地面风变化的作用。 这可能导致改进边界层参数化和改进飓风强度预测。 ***