Methyl Bromide Degradation in the Oceans

海洋中的甲基溴降解

• 批准号: 9714900
• 负责人: Pieter Visscher
• 金额: $ 10.81万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9714900&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Methyl; Bromide; Degradation; Oceans

ABSTRACT The importance of methyl bromide as a source for stratospheric bromine has led to its planned phase-out as an agricultural fumigant as part of the Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act. However, there is significant uncertainty regarding the global budget of tropospheric methyl bromide and the role of the ocean as a source or sink. The oceanic lifetime of methyl bromide is an important parameter in global models seeking to predict the atmospheric response to proposed changes in emissions of methyl bromide. In this project, investigators at the University of Miami and the University of Connecticut will conduct laboratory experiments as well as studies at sea to determine whether biological removal of methyl bromide from surface seawater proceeds ar rates sufficient to affect the oceanic lifetime of this compound. The current state of knowledge allows prediction of its turnover rate through purely chemical (non-biological) pathways; little is known of microbiological impacts. If biological removal is significant, it will alter our current concept and quantitative modeling of the global cycling of methyl bromide.

摘要 甲基溴作为平流层溴的重要来源，已导致作为《蒙特利尔议定书》和《清洁空气法》的一部分，计划逐步淘汰甲基溴作为农业熏蒸剂。 然而，在对流层甲基溴的全球预算以及海洋作为源或汇的作用方面存在着很大的不确定性。 甲基溴在海洋中的寿命是全球模型中的一个重要参数，这些模型试图预测大气层对甲基溴排放量拟议变化的反应。 在这一项目中，迈阿密大学和康涅狄格大学的调查人员将进行实验室实验和海上研究，以确定从表层海水中生物去除甲基溴的速度是否足以影响这种化合物在海洋中的寿命。 目前的知识水平允许通过纯化学（非生物）途径预测其周转率;对微生物影响知之甚少。 如果生物去除是显着的，它将改变我们目前的概念和全球甲基溴循环的定量建模。