Systems Dynamics of Detention/Retention in Ponds

0003408 torgersen小池塘是控制雨水和化学物质径流的传统方法。然而，已观察到的“事件”导致了严重的内部负荷、过度富营养化以及从池塘中输出营养物质和污染物。我们假设沉积物/底栖边界层内的普通细菌过程加上非周期性的浅池特定过程是造成这种内部负荷和下游污染的原因。因此，滞留/滞留池中物理、化学和生物的耦合相互作用比任何单独的过程更能控制池的状态。池塘的内部荷载和耦合动力学极大地改变了池塘在环境工程中的应用。我们将用连续记录仪器（可访问web）测试池塘内部加载“事件”的假设，并测量池塘对内部加载“事件”（降雨、春季、事故等）的动态响应。我们将观察和量化从保留池塘中去除营养物质和污染物的重要整体过程，以及再生/释放营养物质和金属的过程。通过对池塘响应的监测，再加上直接采样和湿化学分析，我们将定义一个耦合的动态池塘模型。我们将开发一个基于CASC2D的池塘加载历史模型，作为土地使用的函数，以预测池塘何时达到临界寿命并需要进行修复。1)池塘负荷模型和2)池塘动力学模型的发展将有助于池塘在环境中作为滞留/滞留装置的适当使用和应用。我们将开发网络可寻址的监测设备，并有可能创建一个仪器环境系统实验室，用于本科教学，荣誉论文和扩展到高中。本研究建立的两个池塘的池塘荷载和池塘动力学模型可以在其他池塘的简化研究中进行验证。继续进行的项目将评估各种气候带和土地利用类型的池塘动态。最终的产品将是一个数据库和模型，将大大改善池塘的设计和管理。

0003408TorgersenSmall ponds are traditional for control of stormwater and chemical runoff. However, 'events' has been observed that result in significant internal loading, hyper-eutrophication and export of nutrients and contaminants from the ponds. We hypothesize that ordinary bacterial processes within the sediments/benthic-boundary-layer coupled with aperiodic shallow-pond-specific processes are responsible for this internal loading and downstream contamination. Thus, the coupled interactions of physics chemistry and biology in detention/retention ponds control the state of the pond more than any individual processes. This internal loading and coupled dynamics of ponds significantly alters the application of ponds in environmental engineering.We will test hypotheses for internal loading 'events' in ponds with continuous-recording instruments (WEB-addressable) and measure the dynamic responses of ponds to internal loading 'events' (rainfall, spring, accidents, etc.) We will observe and quantify significant bulk processes involved in the removal of nutrients and contaminants from retention ponds as well as the processes that regenerate/release nutrients and metals. With monitored pond response, coupled with direct sampling and wet chemical analyses, we will define a coupled dynamic pond model.We will develop a loading history model of ponds building upon CASC2D as a function of land use to predict when the critical lifetime of a pond has been reached and remediation is required. Development of the 1) pond-loading model and 2) pond dynamics model will contribute to the appropriate use and application of ponds as detention/retention devices in the environment. We will develop the web-addressable monitoring equipment with the possibility of creating an Instrumented Environmental Systems Laboratory for use in undergraduate teaching, honors theses and extensions to high school.. The pond loading and pond dynamics models developed from this study of two ponds can be tested with simplified studies in other ponds. Continuing projects will evaluate pond dynamics across a variety of climatic zones and land use types. The ultimate product will be a database and models that will significantly improve pond design and management.