Mechanisms of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Dissolution: Microbial Populations, Metabolic Processes and Mineral Products

碳酸钙沉淀和溶解的机制：微生物种群、代谢过程和矿物产品

• 批准号: 0311929
• 负责人: Pieter Visscher
• 金额: $ 33.21万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0311929&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Calcium; Carbonate; Precipitation; Dissolution

Visscher Abstract This project is investigating the underlying mechanisms of carbonate precipitation in biologically active sediments by performing a geobiological study on a gradient from lithifying to non-lithifying microbial communities from microbial mats in a hypersaline pond (Eleuthera, Bahamas). Field measurements and in situ manipulations are being combined with a variety of laboratory experiments to isolate and characterize the biological processes and environmental variables that control carbonate precipitation. The PIs are examining microbial community composition, metabolic rates, and EPS characteristics in relation to carbonate mineral formation. Environmental parameters which are being investigated include water chemistry (e.g., pH, [Ca2+], [CO32-]) and light intensity. Microbial metabolism (production/consumption of inorganic carbon) on carbonate precipitation are being investigated by experimenting with pure and mixed bacterial cultures in both batch and continuous culture. By focusing on precipitation and dissolution along a natural gradient from lithifying mats to gelatinous EPS-rich mats, the PIs hope to understand the general rules that govern calcium carbonate precipitation by microbial communities. This information is being used to develop a mechanistic theory describing mineral precipitation in biologically active sediments. Since the main microbial guilds (cyanobacteria, sulfur oxidizers, sulfate reducers) responsible for carbonate precipitation are found in numerous environments, the theory developed will address the entire carbonate factory, the role of microbes in the formation of geologically important mineral products and the lithification and preservation of biological materials.

Visscher摘要该项目正在研究生物学活性沉积物中碳酸盐沉淀的潜在机制，通过对从刻度到非静置的微生物群落的梯度进行地理生物学研究，从高盐池中的微生物垫（Elethera，bahamas）中的微生物垫子中。 现场测量和原位操作与各种实验室实验相结合，以隔离和表征控制碳酸盐沉淀的生物过程和环境变量。 PIS正在检查与碳酸盐矿物形成有关的微生物群落组成，代谢率和EPS特征。 正在研究的环境参数包括水化学（例如pH，[Ca2+]，[CO32-]）和光强度。 通过在批处理和连续培养中对纯和混合细菌培养物进行实验，正在研究碳酸盐沉淀的微生物代谢（无机碳的生产/消耗）。 通过关注从岩石垫到凝胶的EPS垫子的自然梯度沿天然梯度溶解，PIS希望理解负责微生物群落碳酸盐沉淀的一般规则。 该信息用于发展一种机械理论，描述了生物活性沉积物中的矿物沉淀。 由于在许多环境中发现了负责碳酸盐沉淀的主要微生物公会（蓝细菌，硫酸盐氧化剂，硫酸盐还原剂），因此所开发的理论将解决整个碳酸盐厂，这是微生物在地质上重要的矿物产品形成中的作用，以及生物学材料的岩石化和生物学材料的保存。