Experiencers across languages:On the typology of the psych-alternation in morphology, syntax, and discourse

该项目的总体目标是基于精确的经验方法确定经验动词的语法和语义的普遍和类型属性。在第一个资助期，该项目侧重于对选定的非规范体验者-客体属性（=心理效应）进行跨语言实验和观察调查，检查它们的句法和语用性质。在下一阶段，重点将放在心理交替的类型学上（参见interessieren（关注）vs. sich interessieren（关注））。特别是，该项目将调查心理动词的形态根的作用，以及在心理变化的情况下发生的形态过程的句法和语义特性（因果化、因果化、转换、双重派生）。在类型学调查中，该项目将收集和分析30种语言中经验动词的相关形态学事实。这种跨语言的检查将成为类型学上充分的经验者理论的证据基础。此外，该项目将定量地研究语言之间形态差异的相关性(a)心理动词的语义和句法以及(b)话语中体验者事件的实现。在六种语言（冰岛语、芬兰语、韩语、西班牙语、汉语、匈牙利语）的样本中，该项目将进行平行实验和语料库研究，这些语言代表了使词交替的不同形态类型。实验研究将考察体验动词的语义和句法特征。这些特性对话语中各自言语结构行为的影响将在定量语料库研究中进行测试。该项目有助于目前对致使交替的理论讨论，并将通过从语言样本中获得的见解丰富这一研究路线，这些语言样本在数量和多样性上都超过了目前讨论的语言。此外，该项目将对词汇类型学和跨语言研究及物化/去及物化的方向性做出重大贡献（Nichols et al. 2004），通过研究类型学变量对跨语言区分的潜在影响。最后，该项目将为当代跨语言语料库研究范式做出创新贡献。

The overall aim of this project is to determine the universal and typological properties of the syntax and semantics of experiencer verbs based on precise empirical methods. In the first funding period, the project has focused on the cross-linguistic experimental and observational investigation of selected non-canonical experiencer-object properties (= psych-effects) examining their syntactic vs. pragmatic nature. In the next period, the focus will be on the typology of the psych-alternation (cf. interessieren (concern) vs. sich interessieren (be concerned)). In particular, the project will investigate the role of the morphological root of psych verbs and the syntactic and semantic properties of the morphological processes that occur in cases of psych-alternations (causativization, decausativization, conversion, double derivation). In a typological investigation, the project will collect and analyze the relevant morphological facts of experiencer verbs in 30 languages. This cross-linguistic examination will be the evidential basis for a typologically adequate theory of experiencers. Furthermore, the project will investigate the relevance of the morphological differences between languages quantitatively (a) for the semantics and syntax of psych verbs and (b) for the realization of experiencer events in discourse. In a sample of six languages, which represent different morphological types of the causative alternation (Icelandic, Finnish, Korean, Spanish, Chinese, Hungarian), the project will carry out parallel experiments and corpus studies. The experimental studies will examine semantic and syntactic properties of the experiencer verbs. The influence of these properties on the behaviour of the respective verbal constructions in discourse will be tested in quantitative corpus studies.The project contributes to the current theoretical discussion on the causative alternation and will enrich this line of research with insights from a sample of languages that exceeds the currently discussed ones both in number and diversity. Furthermore, the project will make a significant contribution to lexical typology and the cross-linguistic investigation of the directionality in transitivization/detransitivization (Nichols et al. 2004) by examining the potential influence of typological variables on the cross-linguistic distinction at issue. Finally, the project will make an innovative contribution to the contemporary paradigm of cross-linguistic corpus investigations.