Mechanisms Underlying Plant Cell Development

植物细胞发育的机制

• 批准号: 9723895
• 负责人: James O'Leary
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-15 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9723895&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Underlying; Plant; Cell; Development

9723895 Verbeke The process of cellular differentiation is of fundamental significance to our understanding of plant growth and development, yet experimental studies in this area have been rare. During development, each cell must somehow determine its position relative to others, and must differentiate accordingly. However, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms by which cells establish their positions and subsequently give rise to appropriate cell types. Although cell and tissue differentiation must certainly be the result of selective expression of the genome, a critical problem has been our inability to make the connection between phenotype and genotype. At a time when knowledge of gene structure and even function seems to be increasing exponentially, there is still little known about how these genes actually cause cells to differentiate and form tissues, organs, and organisms. Determination is a reflection of the state of differentiation of individual cells. For this reason, it may be quite useful to study cells which display a high degree of determination, as indicated by a resistance to redifferentiate. Plant epidermal cells are such entities. In the absence of wounding (and usually in spite of wounding), plant epidermal cells are developmentally incompetent to redifferentiate or change their fate. However, fusing floral organs are naturally occurring exceptions to this rule. The overall goal of the work described here is to learn more about the controls of plant cell differentiation. These experiments represent an ongoing characterization of the cell-to-cell communication events and signals which convey positional information. The specific question to be addressed will focus on characterization of the chemical identity of the redifferentiation factors. The periwinkle system described here is one of only a few plant systems in which dire ct experimental evidence documenting cell-cell interaction in the form of diffusible factors has been shown. This is also the first clear documentation in a plant system that two apparently identical organs in the same flower may be inherently and critically different from one another.

细胞分化过程对我们了解植物的生长发育具有基础性的意义，但这方面的实验研究还很少。在发育过程中，每个细胞必须以某种方式确定其相对于其他细胞的位置，并必须相应地进行分化。然而，关于细胞建立位置并随后产生适当细胞类型的机制几乎一无所知。虽然细胞和组织的分化肯定是基因组选择性表达的结果，但一个关键的问题是我们无法在表现型和基因型之间建立联系。在对基因结构甚至功能的了解似乎呈指数级增长的时代，人们对这些基因实际上是如何导致细胞分化并形成组织、器官和生物体的知之甚少。测定是单个细胞分化状态的反映。由于这个原因，研究那些表现出高度决定性的细胞，如对再分化的抵抗，可能是非常有用的。植物表皮细胞就是这样的实体。在没有损伤的情况下（通常尽管有损伤），植物表皮细胞在发育上不能再分化或改变它们的命运。然而，融合花器官是这一规则的自然例外。这里描述的工作的总体目标是了解更多关于植物细胞分化的控制。这些实验代表了传递位置信息的细胞间通信事件和信号的持续表征。要解决的具体问题将集中在表征再分化因子的化学特性上。这里描述的长春花系统是仅有的几个植物系统之一，在这些系统中，可怕的ct实验证据记录了以扩散因子形式的细胞-细胞相互作用。这也是第一次在植物系统中清楚地证明，同一朵花中的两个表面上相同的器官可能本质上和本质上彼此不同。