Epsiodic Events and Cross-Margin Transport in the Great Lakes: HF Radar Observations of Currents, Winds and Waves

五大湖的偶发事件和跨界运输：高频雷达对海流、风和波浪的观测

• 批准号: 9726683
• 负责人: John Vesecky
• 金额: $ 53.78万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9726683&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Epsiodic; Events; Cross; Margin; Transport

9726683 Vesecky Research will be undertaken in response to an Announcement of Opportunity (NSF 97-38)for Coastal Studies in the Great Lakes. This collaborative research project between investigators from 13 academic and government research institutions is being conducted under the auspices of the NSF Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) program and the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program. This 5-year research program will focus on the importance of episodic events on nearshore-offshore transport and subsequent ecological consequences. The study seeks to 1) determine what processes control the cross-margin (inshore to offshore) transport of biological, chemical, and geological materials in the coastal margins of the Great Lakes, and to 2) develop and test scientific strategies for assessing, quantifying, and predicting the impacts of multiple stresses both natural and anthropogenic, in the Great Lakes or selected coastal sub- regions. A tight coupling between contaminated sediments and overlying water exists in lakes and coastal ecosystems through the process of sediment resuspension. Satellite observations in Lake Michigan illustrate an annually recurrent episode of nearshore-offshore transport, a 10 km wide plume of resuspended material extending over 200 km along the southern shores of the lake. Preliminary evidence indicates that this episodic event may be the major mechanism for cross-margin sediment transport in Lake Michigan. This type of event impacts recycling of biogeochemically important materials (BIMS), ecosystem responses, cross-isobath transport in the Great Lakes. The program results will be applicable to similar events in many coastal areas. This comprehensive, interdisciplinary study will implement an integrated observational program and numerical modeling effort to identify, quantify, and develop prediction tools for the winter- spring resuspension event and to assess the impact of this event on the transport and transform ation of BIMS and on lake ecology. This component of the study focuses on real time measurements of key air and water variables necessary for the observational, modeling and forecasting activities, in particular surface currents, winds and waves that are pertinent to the overall objectives. Two multifrequency HF radar units will be deployed along the shore of lower Lake Michigan to provide real time observations of near surface current and current shear, wind direction and wave height over an area of about 2500 sq. km. adjacent to the lower Lake Michigan shoreline. This work will contribute to the overall goals of understanding episodic events and cross-margin transport in the Great Lakes and developing a portable data assimilation nowcast/forecast system based on the lower Michigan results.

9726683 Vesecky 研究将根据五大湖沿海研究机会公告 (NSF 97-38) 进行。 这项合作研究项目由来自 13 个学术和政府研究机构的研究人员在 NSF 沿海海洋过程 (CoOP) 计划和 NOAA 沿海海洋计划的支持下进行。 这个为期五年的研究计划将重点关注偶发事件对近岸-近海运输的重要性以及随后的生态后果。该研究旨在 1) 确定哪些过程控制五大湖沿岸边缘生物、化学和地质物质的跨界（近海到近海）运输，2) 制定和测试科学策略，以评估、量化和预测五大湖或选定的沿海次区域自然和人为多重压力的影响。 通过沉积物再悬浮过程，湖泊和沿海生态系统中受污染沉积物与上覆水之间存在紧密耦合。密歇根湖的卫星观测表明，每年都会发生近岸-离岸运输现象，10 公里宽的悬浮物质羽流沿着该湖的南岸延伸 200 多公里。初步证据表明，这一偶发事件可能是密歇根湖跨缘沉积物输送的主要机制。 此类事件影响生物地球化学重要材料（BIMS）的回收、生态系统响应、五大湖的跨等深线运输。该计划的结果将适用于许多沿海地区的类似事件。 这项全面的跨学科研究将实施综合观测计划和数值建模工作，以识别、量化和开发冬春季再悬浮事件的预测工具，并评估该事件对 BIMS 的运输和转变以及湖泊生态的影响。 该研究的这一部分侧重于观测、建模和预报活动所需的关键空气和水变量的实时测量，特别是与总体目标相关的表面流、风和波浪。两个多频高频雷达装置将沿密歇根湖下游部署，在约2500平方公里的区域内实时观测近地表水流和水流切变、风向和波高。 毗邻密歇根湖下游岸线。这项工作将有助于实现了解五大湖的偶发事件和跨界运输的总体目标，并根据密歇根州下游的结果开发便携式数据同化临近预报/预报系统。