Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: First Do No Harm; Elections, Political Parties and Human Rights

政治学博士论文研究：首先不造成伤害；

• 批准号: 9730130
• 负责人: David Cingranelli
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-02-01 至 1999-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9730130&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

This Doctoral Dissertation research project provides a refined and useful analysis of democracy's ability to protect human rights via national elections. Previous research demonstrates that democracy is reliably associated with government respect for human rights. the relationship between human rights and the presence of national elections is important, as for some time, US policy-makers have implied that democracy and national elections are the same thing. This may not be the case, however. For instance, Peru has had successively elected civilian governments since 1980, but at the same time, has suffered tens of thousands of political killings. Thus, it may be that the states which formulate foreign policy using elections as a proxy for democracy do a disservice to all those who are potential victims of human rights abuse around the world. The dissertation has five specific goals: 1) to examine the relationship between the presence of national elections and government respect for human rights; 2) to examine to what extent the role a viable, competitive political party representing the poorest sector of society plays in accounting for observable difference in government respect for human rights; 3) using an innovative scaling technique , to produce a new measure of human rights that is a significant improvement on the way human rights have been measured; 4) to produce a new variable measuring the viability and competitiveness of political parties for both presidential and parliamentary systems; and, 5) to introduce the presence of refugees as an important control variable for empirical studies of government abuse of human rights. Qualitative as well as quantitative measures will be used to examine the relationships of interest in this study. A case study of the United States is used to develop the theoretical framework of this study in respect to government repression and the incorporation of repressed groups into the political system. Quantitative tests will be applied to this framework.

这个博士论文研究项目提供了一个完善的和有用的分析民主的能力，通过全国选举保护人权。 以往的研究表明，民主与政府尊重人权有着可靠的联系。 人权与全国选举的关系很重要，因为一段时间以来，美国决策者一直暗示民主与全国选举是一回事。 然而，情况可能并非如此。 例如，秘鲁自1980年以来，先后选出了文官政府，但同时也遭受了数以万计的政治杀戮。 因此，利用选举作为民主代理人来制定外交政策的国家，可能对世界各地所有可能成为侵犯人权行为受害者的人造成伤害。 本论文有五个具体目标：（1）审查全国选举的存在与政府尊重人权之间的关系;（2）审查一个代表社会最贫穷阶层的有活力、有竞争力的政党在解释政府尊重人权方面的明显差异方面发挥的作用;（3）使用创新的衡量技术，产生一种新的人权衡量标准，这是对人权衡量方式的重大改进;（4）产生一个新的变量，衡量总统制和议会制政党的生存能力和竞争力;（5）将难民的存在作为政府侵犯人权的实证研究的一个重要控制变量。 本研究将采用定性和定量的方法来考察学生的兴趣关系。 美国的案例研究是用来发展本研究的理论框架，政府镇压和被压抑的群体纳入政治制度。 将对这一框架进行定量测试。