CCD: Peer Learning Resource Materials for Introductory Geoscience Courses

国研会提倡主动性科学学习，指出“学习科学是学生做的事，而不是对他们做的事……强调主动性科学学习，就是把重点从教师传授资讯转移……”。这项建议的目标是出版一本指南和视频，供希望实施创新教学方法的教师使用，使科学学习成为地球科学、地球系统和地质学入门课程的活跃过程。教师指南和视频将基于哈佛大学Eric Mazur博士(Mazur，1997)为物理学入门而开发的同行学习方法。从本质上讲，教师提供少量信息，然后提出一个具有挑战性的概念性问题，让学生回答。学生试图让他们的同龄人相信他们自己的答案是正确的，因此有了同伴学习这一短语。在这个过程中，学生构建解释并与他人交流他们的想法，使课堂科学体验一种活跃的体验，同时提供一种对学生有意义和乐趣的常规感和结构感。教师将能够利用教师指南汇编的经过课堂测试的、随时可用的同行学习材料的广泛收集。这段视频由富兰克林和马歇尔学院的视听教学服务部制作，将包括如何实施这种同伴学习方法的可视例子。由于地球科学中教授的许多概念都是可视的，因此同行学习将与课堂演示相结合。这些演示也将在视频中展示。

The National Research Council advocates active science learning, stating that "Learning science is something students do, not something that is done to them.... Emphasizing active science learning means shifting emphasis away from teachers presenting information...." The goal of this proposal is to publish a guidebook and video for teachers who wish to implement innovative teaching methods to make science learning an active process in introductory geoscience, Earth systems, and geology courses. The teacher's guide and video will be based on the method of peer learning developed for introductory physics by Dr. Eric Mazur at Harvard (Mazur, 1997). In essence, the teacher presents a small amount of information, then poses a challenging conceptual question for the students to answer. Students try to convince their peers that their own answers are correct, hence the phrase peer learning. In the process, students construct explanations and communicate their ideas to others, making the classroom science experience an active one, yet providing a sense of routine and structure that is meaningful and fun for students. Teachers will be able to draw upon the extensive collection of class-tested, ready-to-use peer learning materials compiled in the teacher's guide. The video, produced with AudioVisual Instructional Services at Franklin and Marshall College, will consist of visual examples of how one can enact this peer learning approach. Because many of the concepts taught in the geosciences are so visually accessible, peer learning will is combined with in-class demonstrations. These demonstrations also will be shown in the video.