Neural Mechanisms of Nutritional Homeostasis

营养稳态的神经机制

• 批准号: 9808400
• 负责人: Rhanor Gillette
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-01 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9808400&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neural; Mechanisms; Nutritional; Homeostasis

LAY ABSTRACT IBN-9808400 Neural Mechanisms of Nutritional Homeostasis Motivational processes, in particular hunger, are driving influences in behavioral decision-making; however, it is not known how neural networks mediating feeding or other motivated behaviors are organized by the physiological mediators of hunger. One critically involved neurochemical is the biogenic amine serotonin (5-HT), which modulates affect and arousal in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. In a simple and accessible model system, 5-HT stimulates readiness to feed acting in the feeding motor network to enhance specific aspects of neuron excitability. Evidence suggests that 5-HT stimulates production of nitric oxide (NO), a critical modulator of neural activity in many animals. This proposal outlines plans to elucidate the role and mechanisms of action of 5-HT in regulating the enzyme that makes NO, and thereby hunger/satiation state. These studies combine behavioral and electrical measures with analysis of 5-HT and NO-related chemical compounds in single cells. These studies approach the basic organization of the feedback loops regulating nutritional homeostasis in all motile animals and can lead to a fuller understanding of mechanisms of hunger/satiation. They relate directly to health issues of weight-control in anorexia and obesity. Knowledge of these factors is likely to be significant to the development of autonomous robots capable of making least- probable-error decisions in a noisy environment, and to the evolution of artificial intelligence for whose optimal function motivation-based processes can provide the critical regulation of goal related activity, just as they do in real intelligence systems.

LAY摘要IBN-9808400营养稳态激励过程的神经机制，特别是饥饿，正在推动行为决策的影响；然而，目前尚不清楚调节摄食或其他动机行为的神经网络是如何由饥饿的生理中介组织起来的。一种关键的神经化学物质是生物胺5-羟色胺(5-HT)，它在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中调节影响和唤醒。在一个简单易用的模型系统中，5-羟色胺刺激进食准备，在进食运动网络中发挥作用，增强神经元兴奋性的特定方面。有证据表明，5-羟色胺刺激一氧化氮(NO)的产生，一氧化氮是许多动物神经活动的关键调节剂。这项建议概述了计划阐明5-羟色胺在调节产生NO的酶中的作用和作用机制，从而调节饥饿/饱足状态。这些研究将行为和电测量与单细胞中5-羟色胺和一氧化氮相关化合物的分析结合起来。这些研究探讨了调节所有活动动物的营养动态平衡的反馈回路的基本组织，并可能导致对饥饿/饱足机制的更全面的理解。它们直接关系到厌食症和肥胖症患者体重控制的健康问题。对这些因素的了解可能对自主机器人的发展以及人工智能的发展具有重要意义，这些自主机器人能够在噪声环境中做出最小可能错误的决策，而人工智能的最佳功能激励过程可以提供与目标相关的活动的关键规则，就像它们在真实的智能系统中所做的那样。