Object Perception

物体感知

• 批准号: 9809386
• 负责人: Daphne Bavelier
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-01-01 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9809386&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Object; Perception

This project concerns the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the analysis of visual scenes. The aim is to uncover how the information initially gathered by the visual system is subsequently organized for use in thinking or acting. To interact appropriately with the visual world one needs to keep track of specific objects over time, even if they move or are blocked from view. The research focuses on the process whereby early visual information is organized into short term memory representations for objects (hereafter termed individuation). The studies test the assumption that the phenomena of repetition blindness and the attentional blink occur during individuation and so can be used as tools to study the individuation process. Repetition blindness is the failure to see or report the second occurrence of an item in a briefly-presented list. One set of studies tests the assumption that repetition blindness reflects a constraint on establishment of short-term memory representations: two separate memory representations cannot be established for identical objects during a short period of time. The attentional blink is the finding that the processing of an item hinders the processing of subsequent items for as long as a half-second. Several studies test the view that the attentional blink occurs because establishing a memory representation for the first item uses the limited resources available for individuation and thereby hinders the processing of subsequent items. The results of the studies will add to our understanding of how people identify, represent, and interact with objects in the visual world.

这个项目关注视觉场景分析的认知和神经机制。目的是揭示视觉系统最初收集的信息如何随后组织起来用于思考或行动。 为了与视觉世界进行适当的交互，人们需要随着时间的推移跟踪特定的对象，即使它们移动或被阻挡在视线之外。 研究的重点是早期视觉信息组织成对象的短期记忆表征（以下称为个性化）的过程。 本研究验证了重复盲视和注意瞬脱现象发生在个体化过程中的假设，从而可以作为研究个体化过程的工具。 重复盲视（Repetition Blindness）是指在一个简短的列表中，没有看到或报告一个项目的第二次出现。 一组研究测试了重复盲视反映了对建立短期记忆表征的限制的假设：在短时间内不能为相同的对象建立两个独立的记忆表征。 注意瞬脱是指对一个项目的加工阻碍了对后续项目的加工长达半秒的现象。 有几项研究验证了这样一种观点，即注意瞬脱的发生是因为为第一个项目建立记忆表征使用了可用于个性化的有限资源，从而阻碍了后续项目的处理。 这些研究的结果将增加我们对人们如何识别，表示和与视觉世界中的物体互动的理解。